The Dependency and Indemnity Compensation (DIC) program provides monthly payments to the survivors of those who died as a result of a service-connected disability or while on active duty in the military. In fiscal year 2008, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) paid over $4.7 billion to about 354,000 survivors, replacing a portion of income lost with the death of the veteran or servicemember. This repor studies the DIC program and the levels of payments it provides. This report addresses: (1) the extent to which DIC replaces VA disability compensation or active duty military pay lost due to the death of a veteran or servicemember; and (2) how DIC benefits compare to benefits for survivors of civilian federal employees. Charts and tables.