The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is perhaps the most promising and viable of the proposed activated sludge modifications today for the removal of organic carbon and nutrients. In a relatively short period, it has become increasingly popular for the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewaters, as an effective biological treatment system due to its simplicity and flexibility of operation. Mechanism and Design of Sequencing Batch Reactors for Nutrient Removal has been prepared with the main objective to provide a unified design approach for SBR systems, primarily based on relevant process stoichiometry. Specific emphasis has been placed upon the fact that such a unified design approach is also by nature the determining factor for the selection of the most appropriate cyclic operation scheme, the sequence of necessary phases and filling patterns for the particular application. The proposed basis for design is developed and presented in a stepwise approach to cover both organic carbon and nutrient removal, domestic and industrial wastewaters, strong and specific wastes. The merits of model simulation as an integral complement of process design, along with performance evaluation of SBR models are also emphasized. Scientific and Technical Report No. 19

The report highlights various types of SBRs, design considerations and procedures, equipment required, and experiences gained from practical applications. This report will help both designers and operators of SBRs understand how to use this technology successfully. The focus is on the application of fill-and-draw, variable volume, periodically operated, unsteady-state principles to activated sludge systems. Research findings are presented, from both the laboratory and pilot and full scale SBRs. Also included is a description of trends for technological developments and a discussion of open questions regarding research, development, application, and operation. Contents Introduction Fundamentals of Periodic Processes General Overview of SBR Applications Design of Activated Sludge SBR Plants Equipment and Instrumentation Practical Experiences Evaluation of SBR Facilities in Australia Evaluation of SBR Facilities in the USA and Canada Evaluation of SBR Facilities in Germany Evaluation of SBR Facilities in France Evaluation of SBR facilities in Japan Scientific and Technical Report No. 10

Aerobic Granular Sludge has recently received growing attention by researchers and technology developers, worldwide. Laboratory studies and preliminary field tests led to the conclusion that granular activated sludge can be readily established and profitably used in activated sludge plants, provided 'correct' process conditions are chosen. But what makes process conditions 'correct'? And what makes granules different from activated sludge flocs? Answers to these question are offered in Aerobic Granular Sludge. Major topics covered in this book include: Reasons and mechanism of aerobic granule formation Structure of the microbial population of aerobic granules Role, composition and physical properties of EPS Diffuse limitation and microbial activity within granules Physio-chemical characteristics Operation and application of granule reactors Scale-up aspects of granular sludge reactors, and case studies Aerobic Granular Sludge provides up-to-date information about a rapidly emerging new technology of biological treatment.

It is necessary to understand the extent of pollution in the environment in terms of the air, water, and soil in order for both humans and animals to live healthier lives. Poor waste treatment or pollution monitoring can lead to massive environmental issues, such as diminishing valuable resources, and cause a significant negative impact on society. Solutions, such as reuse of waste and sustainable waste management, must be explored to prevent these adverse effects. The Handbook of Research on Resource Management for Pollution and Waste Treatment is a collection of innovative research that examines waste and pollution treatment methods that can be adopted at local and international levels and examines appropriate resource management strategies for environmentally related issues. Featuring coverage on a wide range of topics such as soil washing, bioremediation, and runoff handling, this book is ideally designed for environmentalists, engineers, waste management professionals, natural resource regulators, environmental policymakers, scientists, academicians, researchers, and students seeking current research on viable resource management methods for the regeneration of their immediate environment.

Published as part of the 2001 subscription to Water Science & Technology, Volume 43, Number 3.

Benchmarking has become a key tool in the water industry to promote and achieve performance targets for utilities. The use of this tool for performance improvement through systematic search and adaptation of leading practices, has expanded globally during the past decade. Many ongoing projects worldwide aim to address different needs and objectives, in varying contexts, with outstanding results and impact. Benchmarking Water Services provides valuable information to everyone interested in benchmarking in the water industry. The text is aimed at utilities considering joining a benchmarking project, experienced practitioners in charge of organizing a benchmarking exercise, consultants, regulators and researchers. The document is presented with a clear practice oriented approach and can be used as a how-to-benchmark guide presented from different perspectives (participants, organizers, supervising bodies). Readers will gain practical insight on real life benchmarking practices and will benefit from the experiences gained in some of the leading benchmarking projects of the water industry (including the IWA-WSAA benchmarking efforts, the European Benchmarking Co-operation and the several benchmarking projects carried out in Austria and Central Europe). The manual also presents the new IWA Benchmarking Framework, which aims to harmonize the terms used to describe benchmarking and performance indicators practices in the water industry, guaranteeing a more fluent and efficient communication. This Manual of Best Practice is edited by the IWA Specialist Group on Benchmarking and Performance Assessment, and co-published by AWWA and IWA Publishing. Praise for Benchmarking Water Services: "The continual trend of conceptual to specifics throughout the book provides for an educational experience each time the book is either casually perused or carefully studied." "The authors (Cabrera, Haskins and Fritiz) diligently pursue the focus of improvement." "Benchmarking Water Services is an in depth and practical ‘must have’ guide for any utility currently engaged in or planning to develop a benchmarking process" - Gregory M. Baird (2012) Benchmarking: An International Journal 19:2. More information about the book can be found on the Water Wiki in an article written by the author: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/TheNewIWABenchmarkingFramework A Spanish language version of this book is available as a free eBook: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/eBookTitlesfromIWAPublishingFreetoDownload-Volume2#HBenchmarkingParaServiciosdeAgua

The respiration rate of activated sludge has generated much interest, because it is an essential variable in the activated sludge process and provides information on biomass activity and concentration of waste components. Recognising the need for an extensive evaluation of respirometry in control of the activated sludge process, IWA published Scientific and Technical Report (STR7): Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Principles, which included the biological background, measuring principles, measured and deduced variables, an introduction to control system principles and an overview of proposed and applied control strategies. To complete the work, a second STR: Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Benchmarking Control Strategies was commissioned and, through the generous support of 14 corporate sponsors, a well-defined project was set up with the aim to accomplish an ambitious mission: the development of a simulation protocol (known as the "IWA Simulation Benchmark") and the unbiased evaluation of many respirometry-based control strategies. This Report includes a complete description of the simulation protocol including model plants, simulation procedures and evaluation criteria. Also included in this STR is an overview of the strategy evaluations and a look into the future of respirometry as the basis for control. Finally, to ease the transition from paper to computer, and increase the application of the IWA Simulation Benchmark, a CD is included with many benchmark files and control strategy layouts generated using a variety of simulation platforms including GPS-XTM, STOATTM and WESTTM. This Report will be an invaluable source of information for practitioners and consultants dealing with the operation and control of activated sludge processes, developers of control systems, control software and simulation software, and manufacturers of respirometers and other environmental instruments in all industries dealing with toxic wastes. Scientific and Technical Report No. 11 Also available: Respiromentry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Principles