Nanofabrication for Smart Nanosensor Applications addresses the design, manufacture and applications of a variety of nanomaterials for sensing applications. In particular, the book explores how nanofabrication techniques are used to create more efficient nanosensors, examines their major applications in biomedicine and environmental science, discusses the fundamentals of how nanosensors work, explores different nanofabrication techniques, and comments on toxicity and safety issues relating to the creation of nanosensors using certain nanomaterial classes. This book is an important resource for materials scientists and engineers who want to make materials selection decisions for the creation of new nansensor devices. Summarizes current research and applications of a variety of nanofabrication techniques for the creation of efficient sensing devices Provides readers with an understanding of surfaces and interfaces, a key challenge for those working on hybrid nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, graphene, polymers and liquid crystal electro-optical imaging Discusses the variability and sight recognition of biopolymers, such as DNA molecules, which offer a wide range of opportunities for the self-organization of nanostructures into much more complex patterns

Nanoarchitectonics in Biomedicine describes this new area of nanoscience that has emerged as a major branch of nanoscience. The book brings together recent applications and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each process, offering international perspectives on the technologies based on these findings. It offers new insights for nanoarchitectonics, starting with the currently used methods of synthesis and characterization of such materials, along with their biomedical applications. Authored by a wide range of international scientists, this volume shows how nanoarchitectonics is being used to create more efficient medical treatment solutions. Users will find this to be an important research resource for those wanting to learn more on the emerging topic of nanoarchitectonics in biomedical science. Explores how design aspects, smart materials and personalized materials are used in biomedicine today Offers global perspectives on how nanoarchitectonics is used in different regions Presents an important research resource for those wanting to learn more on the emerging topic of nanoarchitectonics in biomedical science

Provides expert, state-of-the-art insight into the current progress of viral and non-viral gene therapy Translational medicine has opened the gateway to the era of personalized or precision medicine. No longer a one-size-fits-all approach, the treatment of cancer is now based on an understanding of underlying biologic mechanisms and is increasingly being tailored to the molecular specificity of a tumor. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the pertinent molecular discoveries in the cancer field and explains how these are being used for gene-based cancer therapies. Designed as a volume in the Translational Oncology book series, Cancer Gene Therapy by Viral and Non-viral Vectors deals with the practice of gene-therapy, with reference to vectors for gene expression and gene transfer, as well as viral therapy. It covers the history and current and future applications of gene transfer in cancer, and provides expert insight on the progress of viral and non-viral gene therapy with regard to delivery system, vector design, potential therapeutic genes, and principles and regulations for cancer gene therapy. Presented in three parts, Cancer Gene Therapy by Viral and Non-viral Vectors covers: Delivery Systems • Translational Cancer Research: Gene Therapy by Viral and Non-viral Vectors • Retroviruses for Cancer Therapy • DNA Plasmids for Non-viral Gene Therapy of Cancer • Cancer Therapy with RNAi delivered by Non-viral Membrane/Core Nanoparticles Targeted Expression • Cancer Gene Therapy by Tissue-specific and Cancer-targeting Promptors • MicroRNAs as Drugs and Drug Targets in Cancer Principles of Clinical Trials in Gene Therapy • Regulatory issues for Manufacturers of Viral Vectors and Vector-transduced Cells for Phase I/II Trials • US Regulations Governing Clinical Trials in Gene Therapy • Remaining Obstacles to the Success of Cancer Gene Therapy Focusing on speeding the process in clinical cancer care by bringing therapies as quickly as possible from bench to bedside, Cancer Gene Therapy by Viral and Non-viral Vectors is an absolutely vital book for physicians, clinicians, researchers, and students involved in this area of medicine.

We have designed, fabricated, and tested five piezoresistive cantilever configurations to investigate the effect of shape and piezoresistor placement on the sensitivity of microcantilevers under either point loading and surface stress loading. The experimental study reveals that: (1) high aspect ratio cantilevers that are much longer than they are wide are optimal for point-loading applications such as microscopy and force measurements; (2) low aspect ratio cantilevers that are short and wide are optimal for surface stress loading scenarios such as those that occur in biological and chemical sensor applications. The sensitivity data for both point loads and surface stress are consistent with previously developed finite-element models.

Fundamental research is being conducted to develop sensors for cesium, strontium, and pertechnetate that can be used to analyze these species in high-level waste (HLW) process streams. Sensors for these species will be combined with sensor elements for OH-, K+, and Na+ in an array that will allow interferences to be corrected. Two fundamentally different approaches are being pursued, having in common the dependence on highly selective molecular recognition agents. In one approach, an array of chemically selective sensors with sensitive fluorescent probes to signal the presence of the constituent of interest will be coupled to fiber optics for remote analytical applications. The second approach employs sensitive microcantilever sensors that have been demonstrated to have unprecedented sensitivity in solution. Selectivity in microcantilever-based sensors is achieved by modifying the surface of a gold-coated cantilever with a monolayer coating of an alkanethiol derivative of the molecular recognition agent. The microcantilever-based sensors function by converting molecular complexation into surface stress. The fundamental technology for fiber optic and cantilever sensors has been developed by our collaborators David Walt and Thomas Thundat, respectively, and the goal of this project is to adapt molecular recognition chemistry to the methods already being employed. Molecular recognition with these sensors is achieved using ionophores constructed with the three dimensional architecture provided by calix[4]arenes, a widely used platform for metal ion complexation.