The Seneca language is a member of the Iroquoian language family. Seneca is a seriously endangered language spoken in upper New York State and Southern Ontario. This book consists of 3 parts. Section I, on orthography, describes a way of writing Seneca words consistently and without omitting features that are significant. Various spelling systems have been used, and are being used, for the writing of Seneca by missionaries, anthropologists, and the speakers of the language themselves. Section II, on grammar, is concerned with the structure of Seneca words. Section III is a brief glossary of the Seneca language.

Stoicism is a 2,300 year-old Greek and Roman philosophy that addressed human happiness. This book is a compendium of principal Stoic philosophers Cicero, Seneca, Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius' writings arranged by topic. on escape Seneca wrote whatever your destination you will be followed by your failings; on death Marcus Aurelius advised be content with your allocation of time; on happiness Cicero believed that a happy life depends on very little; and on suicide Epictetus suggested to quit the game when it no longer pleases you and depart. These are a few profound ideas from an ancient philosophy of life that explained things are what we make them; contentment does not come from externals; ambition, avarice and luxury impede happiness; use proper judgments; remain indifferent to matters outside choice; and pleasure and passion are the primary causes of human unhappiness. the writings of ancient Stoics reproduced in this book are as relevant today as they were millennia ago.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Gayanögwad's (Phyllis Eileen Wms. Bardeau, Deer Clan) English-Onöndowa'ga:' (Seneca) dictionary is a cultural and linguistic treasure trove. Eileen, a fluent first language speaker and elder, speaks and records the Onöndowa'ga:' language as she learned it from her grandmother, several generations ago before the building of the Kinzua Dam in the 1960s. This tragic treaty violation accelerated language loss by breaking up almost two century old communities at Ohi:yonö' (Allegany Territory residents, Lit. people of the Ohi:yo׳) of the Onöndowa'ga:'. She devoted her life to the preservation of the Onöndowa'ga:' language. Phyllis created Definitive Seneca: It's In The Word as a permanent tool to study culture through language. Gayanögwad has taught the language in the community, for the Seneca Nation, and at the University level. This publication should be in every library for students of the Onöndowa'ga:' Gawë:nö׳ (Language of the People of the Great Hills).

Covers writers from the ancient Greeks to 20th-century authors. Includes biographical-bibliographical entries on nearly 500 writers and approximately 550 entries focusing on significant works of world literature. Each author entry provides a detailed overview of the writer's life and works. Work entries cover a particular piece of world literature in detail.