The proliferation of harmful phytoplankton in marine ecosystems can cause massive fish kills, contaminate seafood with toxins, impact local and regional economies and dramatically affect ecological balance. Real-time observations are essential for effective short-term operational forecasting, but observation and modelling systems are still being developed. This volume provides guidance for developing real-time and near real-time sensing systems for observing and predicting plankton dynamics, including harmful algal blooms, in coastal waters. The underlying theory is explained and current trends in research and monitoring are discussed.Topics covered include: coastal ecosystems and dynamics of harmful algal blooms; theory and practical applications of in situ and remotely sensed optical detection of microalgal distributions and composition; theory and practical applications of in situ biological and chemical sensors for targeted species and toxin detection; integrated observing systems and platforms for detection; diagnostic and predictive modelling of ecosystems and harmful algal blooms, including data assimilation techniques; observational needs for the public and government; and future directions for research and operations.

The book describes the main marine and coastal biological systems of Passamaquoddy Bay and adjacent waters and the oceanographic and meteorological characteristics of the area. Subject areas begin with meteorolgy and oceanography. The second group covers the intertidal systems with chapters on rocky intertidal shores, rock pools, coarse sedimentary shores and salt marshes. The third general section covers hard and sedimentary sublittoral habitats. Following chapters discuss pelagic systems under the headings fishes, phytoplankton, larger zooplankton, and microzooplankton. Three chapters deal with the birds, amphibians and reptiles, and marine mammals. Finally coastal vegetation is described.