In the Middle Ages, writing conveyed far more than information. In contradistinction to the modern separation of image and text and, by implication, form and content, which was reified with the invention of printing, illuminated manuscripts made images out of words. In consonance with Christian doctrine, which declared that the Word had become flesh, letters painted on parchment assumed bodily presence to create effects of power and persuasion. Painted letters elicited modes of performance, oral recitation and ritual action. Far from calligraphic ornament or a medium with prescribed boundaries, medieval lettering reveals itself as a flexible instrument in which various categories of human experience and expression -- the audible, the visible, the symbolic and the figurative -- come together. Among the topics touched on by this book are display scripts, monograms, nomina sacra and carmina figurata, epigraphic inscriptions, chrysography and color, speech scrolls, relationships among author, scribe and artist as expressed through scripts, the anthropomorphic dimensions of abstract lettering, and the impact of iconic scripts on the reader.

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Document Image Processing" that was published in J. Imaging

This book offers a broad and structured overview of the state-of-the-art methods that could be applied for context-dependent languages like Arabic. It also provides guidelines on how to deal with Arabic scene data that appeared in an uncontrolled environment impacted by different font size, font styles, image resolution, and opacity of text. Being an intrinsic script, Arabic and Arabic-like languages attract attention from research community. There are a number of challenges associated with the detection and recognition of Arabic text from natural images. This book discusses these challenges and open problems and also provides insights into the complexities and issues that researchers encounter in the context of Arabic or Arabic-like text recognition in natural and document images. It sheds light on fundamental questions, such as a) How the complexity of Arabic as a cursive scripts can be demonstrated b) What the structure of Arabic text is and how to consider the features from a given text and c) What guidelines should be followed to address the context learning ability of classifiers existing in machine learning.

Helping students create interactive and animated stories about positive change in their communities.

Sign and Design addresses the pictorial dimension of writing systems from cross-cultural and multidisciplinary perspectives. Historians, paleographers, and anthropologists engage with pictographic, ideographic, and logographic writing systems and alphabetic scripts, examining diverse examples of cross-pollination between language and art.

R Markdown: The Definitive Guide is the first official book authored by the core R Markdown developers that provides a comprehensive and accurate reference to the R Markdown ecosystem. With R Markdown, you can easily create reproducible data analysis reports, presentations, dashboards, interactive applications, books, dissertations, websites, and journal articles, while enjoying the simplicity of Markdown and the great power of R and other languages. In this book, you will learn Basics: Syntax of Markdown and R code chunks, how to generate figures and tables, and how to use other computing languages Built-in output formats of R Markdown: PDF/HTML/Word/RTF/Markdown documents and ioslides/Slidy/Beamer/PowerPoint presentations Extensions and applications: Dashboards, Tufte handouts, xaringan/reveal.js presentations, websites, books, journal articles, and interactive tutorials Advanced topics: Parameterized reports, HTML widgets, document templates, custom output formats, and Shiny documents. Yihui Xie is a software engineer at RStudio. He has authored and co-authored several R packages, including knitr, rmarkdown, bookdown, blogdown, shiny, xaringan, and animation. He has published three other books, Dynamic Documents with R and knitr, bookdown: Authoring Books and Technical Documents with R Markdown, and blogdown: Creating Websites with R Markdown. J.J. Allaire is the founder of RStudio and the creator of the RStudio IDE. He is an author of several packages in the R Markdown ecosystem including rmarkdown, flexdashboard, learnr, and radix. Garrett Grolemund is the co-author of R for Data Science and author of Hands-On Programming with R. He wrote the lubridate R package and works for RStudio as an advocate who trains engineers to do data science with R and the Tidyverse.

Pure JavaScript, Second Edition is a substantial and focused reference for experienced Web developers. This book begins with an accelerated introduction to the newest features of JavaScript so that experienced Web developers can quickly understand the concepts of JavaScript and begin developing their own JavaScript solutions immediately. Pure JavaScript, Second Edition contains concise descriptions of JavaScript forms, cookies, windows, and layers. Beyond the brief descriptions and short syntax snippets found in most references, this book also provides real-life, well-commented JavaScript examples for each documented object, property, method, and event handler. This not only helps the reader's understanding of the syntax, but also provides a contextual aid in determining how and why a specific object or method may be used. It also includes a special reference section dedicated to server-side JavaScript, coverage of JScript and Active Scripting, and a complete reference to browser-supported JavaScript.