A study of medieval confraternities and their almsgiving activities, which Flynn believes created the first comprehensive welfare system in Western Europe. She also incorporates a study of late medieval society and its religious ideology and looks at the motivation of the confraternities.

Sacred Charity reconstructs the lay religious culture of Spanish Catholics in the late medieval and early modern period. Flynn shows how religious values shaped the nature of aid to the poor in the period before the creation of the modern welfare state.

DigiCat present this meticulously edited collection of the most sacred texts of Judaism, as well as most important historical and theological books about the Jewish faith. Content: Religious Texts: "Tanakh" – The Hebrew Bible "Talmud" – The Central Text of Rabbinic Judaism "Torah – Bilingual (English/Hebrew)" – Five Books of Moses "Tales and Maxims from the Midrash" – Biblical Exegesis by Ancient Judaic Authorities "The Kabbalah Unveiled" – Translations and commentaries of the Books of Zohar "The Sepher Ha-Zohar" – Zohar, or Splendor is the most important text of Kabbalah. "Siddur – The Standard Prayer Book" – The Authorized Daily Prayer Book of the United Hebrew Congregations "The Union Haggadah" – Jewish text that sets forth the order of the Passover Seder. History: The Jewish Wars (Flavius Josephus) Antiquities of the Jews (Flavius Josephus) History of the Jews (Heinrich Graetz) The Legends of the Jews (Louis Ginzberg) Philosophical Works: Kitab al Khazari (Kuzari) (Judah Halevi) The Guide for the Perplexed (Moses Maimonides) Ancient Jewish Proverbs (Abraham Cohen)

This meticulously edited collection contains the essential books of the Jewish faith, the most sacred text of Judaism, history books, as well as philosophical and theological writings concerning Jewish faith._x000D_ Contents:_x000D_ Religious Texts:_x000D_ "Tanakh" – The Hebrew Bible_x000D_ "Talmud" – The Central Text of Rabbinic Judaism _x000D_ "Torah – Bilingual (English/Hebrew)" – Five Books of Moses_x000D_ "Tales and Maxims from the Midrash" – Biblical exegesis by ancient Judaic authorities_x000D_ "The Kabbalah Unveiled" – Translations and commentaries of the Books of Zohar_x000D_ "The Sepher Ha-Zohar" – Zohar, or Splendor is the most important text of Kabbalah._x000D_ "Siddur – The Standard Prayer Book" – The Authorized Daily Prayer Book of the United Hebrew Congregations_x000D_ "The Union Haggadah" – Jewish text that sets forth the order of the Passover Seder._x000D_ History:_x000D_ The Jewish Wars (Flavius Josephus)_x000D_ Antiquities of the Jews (Flavius Josephus)_x000D_ History of the Jews (Heinrich Graetz)_x000D_ The Legends of the Jews (Louis Ginzberg)_x000D_ Philosophical Works:_x000D_ Kitab al Khazari (Kuzari) (Judah Halevi)_x000D_ The Guide for the Perplexed (Moses Maimonides)_x000D_ Ancient Jewish Proverbs (Abraham Cohen)

The influence of Christianity on 'the history of violence' is often exemplified by famous instances of interfaith conflict, like 'The Crusades'. However, as religions develop, they usually marginalize violence against fellow believers long before they ever, if at all, question violence against 'others'. Through an investigation of spiritual and legal sources, this book details how Christian teachings about charity, sin and purity problematized late medieval parishioners' use of violence, and how parishioners actually tried to reconcile these teachings with cultural norms that often honored violent conduct. By illuminating the impact of lessons concerning the sinfulness of violence and piety of self-restraint, this book provides a fresh perspective on the important role of religion in the 'civilizing process' of European history.