The optimistic vision of a “Europe whole and free” after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 has given way to disillusionment, bitterness, and renewed hostility between Russia and the West. In No Place for Russia, William H. Hill traces the development of the post–Cold War European security order to explain today’s tensions, showing how attempts to integrate Russia into a unified Euro-Atlantic security order were gradually overshadowed by the domination of NATO and the EU—at Russia’s expense. Hill argues that the redivision of Europe has been largely unintended and not the result of any single decision or action. Instead, the current situation is the cumulative result of many decisions—reasonably made at the time—that gradually produced the current security architecture and led to mutual mistrust. Hill analyzes the United States’ decision to remain in Europe after the Cold War, the emergence of Germany as a major power on the continent, and the transformation of Russia into a nation-state, placing major weight on NATO’s evolution from an alliance dedicated primarily to static collective territorial defense into a security organization with global ambitions and capabilities. Closing with Russia’s annexation of Crimea and war in eastern Ukraine, No Place for Russia argues that the post–Cold War security order in Europe has been irrevocably shattered, to be replaced by a new and as-yet-undefined order.

Central and East European Studies Series, 1 (International Studies Library, 32) Over the past two decades Russia's relations with Europe and the West, in general, have deteriorated, as Russia rebuilt its international political and economic foundations and its leaders decided to pursue a policy of reestablishing Russia as the major regional actor and as an important global power. The chapters that comprise the volume examine the factors that drive Russian foreign policy, including those that divide Europe from Russia. They then examine the specifics of Russian relations with the European Union and NATO and the impact of U.S.-Russian relations on the Russian-European relationship. They conclud with an examination of President Medvedev's proposal for a new Eurasian security architecture. The overall message of the analysis is that the longer-term prospects for Russian relations with the West are limited, because of the deep divisions between the two sides. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 'Russia and European Security' - Roger E. Kanet & Maria Raquel Freire PART I: DETERMINANTS OF RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY Ch. 1: 'The Cold Peace: Making Sense of Russia's Relationship with the West' - Richard Sakwa Ch. 2: 'Subjectivity Matters: Reconsidering Russia's Relations with the West' - Regina Heller Ch. 3: 'Image and Reality: Russia's Relations with the West' - Valentina Feklyunina Ch. 4: 'Europe as Idea, Model and Reality: The Complex Nature of Europe's Significance for Russia' - Dina Moulioukova-Fernandez PART II: RUSSIA, THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE UNITED STATES Ch. 5: 'U.S.-Russia Relations: Is there enough Common Ground for a New Phase?' - Gulnur Aybet & Joe Hogler Ch. 6: 'Russia, the EU and the United States: Intertwined Relationships' - Roger E. Kanet Ch. 7: 'EU-Russia Relations and Transnational Terrorism: The Case of Police Cooperation' - Maria Raquel Freire Ch. 8: 'The EU/EC, Human Rights, Russia and the Issue of the Russian-speakers in Latvia and Estonia' - Franz Preissler PART III. THE MEDVEDEV PROPOSAL ON EUROPEAN SECURITY Ch. 9: 'Medvedev's European Security Treaty Proposal: Building a Euro-Atlantic Security Community?' - Nikita Lomagin Ch. 10: 'The European Union and the Medvedev Proposal: A Breakthrough or an Empty Shell?' - Sandra Fernandes Ch. 11: 'Russia's Security Policy Agenda in Northern Europe' - Carolina Vendil Pallin Conclusion - Roger E. Kanet & Maria Raquel Freire About the Editors Roger E. Kanet, Ph.D. (1966) in Politics, Princeton University, is Professor of International Studies at the University of Miami. He has published extensively on international politics and Russian foreign policy, including The United States and Europe in a Changing World (RoL, 2009) and A Resurgent Russia and the West: The European Union, NATO and Beyond (RoL, 2009). Maria Raquel Freire, Ph.D., University of Kent at Canterbury, is assistant professor in the Department of International Relations at the University of Coimbra and researcher at the Centre for Social Studies (CES) of the University of Coimbra. Her research focuses on foreign policy, Russia and the post-Soviet space and peace studies. She has published widely, including Key Players and Regional Dynamics in Eurasia (Palgrave, 2010)"

Twenty-five years of relative calm and predictability in relations between Russia and the West enabled European governments largely to neglect their military capabilities for territorial defense and dramatically redraw Northern Europe’s multilateral, regional, and bilateral boundaries, stimulating new institutional and cooperative developments and arrangements. These cooperative patterns of behavior occurred amid a benign security environment, a situation that no longer obtains. Following Russia’s annexation of Crimea, its military incursion into eastern Ukraine, its substantial military modernization efforts, heightened undersea activity in the North Atlantic and Baltic Sea, and its repeated air violations, the region’s security environment has dramatically worsened. The Baltic Sea and North Atlantic region have returned as a geostrategic focal point. It is vital, therefore, that the United States rethink its security approach to the region—what the authors describe as an Enhanced Northern Presence.

The end of the Cold War came with dramatic changes in Europe. NATO is searching for its future in a Europe threatened by instability and break down of government control and law and order in Russia. Security in Northern Europe is strongly influenced by the events in Europe as a whole. However, the region is not in focus as the discussions of NATO's future and other questions of Europe's security issues are conducted in the capitals of the major European powers and in Washington. Northern Europe is bordering directly on Russia and may be adversely and directly affected by a reasserted Russia or a Russia falling apart from within. There are large conventional military forces remaining in the region capable of supporting Russian adventures if an extremist government should gain power. Russia's big power status rests on her nuclear weapons. The naval component of the nuclear forces on the Kola Peninsula has gained a proportionally greater significance to Russia than during the Cold War.

NATO’s Northern members are increasingly concerned about Russia’s military activities. This Whitehall Paper contains perspectives from prominent authors across the region, showing how member states are responding, individually and collectively, to Moscow’s resurgence. Overall, it identifies the common but differentiated responsibility that member states have for security in the Alliance’s northern regions.