This book introduces the subject of valuation. It comprehensively explains basic concepts which connect valuation with economics such as price, value, rent and property market origins, characteristics and functions. However, the core issue is how the book handles the calculations required for property valuations. The valuation formulae are classified in helpful ways which highlight main formulae and their variants, relationships and functions. Many worked examples are used to demonstrate comprehensively the formulae’s relationships and functions. However, innovation is introduced by calculations done in both a forward and backward manner. Through this method, the answer to an initial worked example becomes a new question which is solved by a reverse calculation process to produce an answer corresponding to the initial question. This particularly illuminating approach enables effective and enduring learning and understanding.

This book is a comprehensive analysis of property investment and the market's determination of commercial property values and investment performance. The author examines the economic forces that operate in the property market by placing property in the context of the overall investment market and the local, national and international economies. Relevant concepts and principles of economics, investment and finance are identified; these are then used to explain the operation of the property market and property price determination. The text begins with a study of the stock market, identifying the principles and forces which explain the price determination of stocks and shares. These principles are then applied to commercial property investments and a simple theory is developed. The three major sectors of the property market (letting, development and investment) are then analysed in depth, and the pricing theory is reviewed. After an examination of the influence of government intervention, the subject is synthesised by detailed studies of three of the most turbulent periods in the history of the post Second World War property market in the UK. In this second edition, both the text and illustrative examples have been updated. The theory of the market's determination of rental values and yields have been substantially revised and developed. A new chapter, discussing the 1980s property boom and the 1990s collapse, has been added.