As the title suggests, A Revolution in the International Rule of Law: Essays in Honor of Don Wallace, Jr. is a European style Festschrift or Liber Amicorum, and compiles short essays by eminent scholars and practitioners who have known Prof. Wallace during his long and distinguished career as a Professor of law at Georgetown University Law Center and, among others, as the Chairman of the International Law Institute, the U.S. Delegate to UNCITRAL, the Legal Adviser to the USAID, President of the ABA Section on International Law, presiding officer of the UNIDROIT Foundation, and Of Counsel to a number of prominent international law firms including Winston & Strawn LLP, Morgan Lewis LLP, Arnold & Porter LLP, and Shearman & Sterling LLP. The primary topics covered in the book are: Foreign Investment and Political RiskInternational Investment Law and ArbitrationUnification of Private LawCommercial Law ReformPublic ProcurementRule of Law and Transitional JusticeInternational Business Law and Human RightsLegal Aspects of the United States' Foreign Affairs: Public International Law, Separation of Powers and Terrorism. Professor Wallace's friends, including the co-editors, have submitted 45 essays including a biographical piece prepared by the editors to this volume.

Conditions of Contract for Construction – known universally as the Red Book – published by the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (known by its French acronym FIDIC) is the most widely used standard form of international construction contract. This book is a detailed commentary on the 2022 reprint of the 2017 FIDIC Red Book. For each of the Red Book’s 168 Sub-Clauses the commentary: identifies changes from the 1999 edition; analyses the meaning and significance of the Sub-Clause and lists related Sub-Clauses; describes related international arbitration awards, national court decisions and legal principles; and, where appropriate, proposes amendments to improve the Sub-Clause. As the FIDIC Yellow and Silver Books are very similar to the Red Book, much of the commentary is equally applicable to those forms of contract. The author is a FIDIC ‘insider’ having served for more than thirty years as Legal/Special Adviser to, or Member of, the FIDIC Contracts Committee which is responsible for preparing FIDIC’s contracts. This book is an indispensable resource for all parties called on to work with a FIDIC contract. With guidance for every stage of a construction project, whether in drafting, negotiating, performing, interpreting, or administering a FIDIC contract, the book’s easy-to-use structure includes such issues and topics as the following: introduction to FIDIC and its contracts and to publications of FIDIC and others relevant to the Red Book including the 2022 FIDIC Contracts Guide; critical examination of each Sub-Clause and advice for amending the same in order to better adapt it to the interests of each party (the Employer or the Contractor); special attention to each Sub-Clause relating to the Contractor’s and the Employer’s claims and claims procedure and to how to assert claims effectively, as well as to time bars and other pitfalls and how they may be overcome; detailed examination of Sub-Clauses relating to the referral of issues or disputes to the Dispute Avoidance/Adjudication Board and, if necessary, to international arbitration, and optimal strategies for doing so; discussion of the changes required to the 2017 Red Book by The World Bank’s Conditions of Particular Application (‘COPA’); reference, where appropriate, to the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts and trade usages; comprehensive discussion of practical issues that arise under common law, civil law and international legal principles, especially when a contract is with a state or public body; comparison of common law and civil law methods of contract interpretation and a suggested practical approach to interpretation given a FIDIC contract’s international arbitration clause; and overcoming problems that can arise when a contract is governed by the law of a less-developed country. Legal and technical terms are clearly defined, and numerous figures and tables are included to illustrate steps in contract procedures. Detailed attention is paid to terminological distinctions among the various legal traditions, including a comparison of British-English and American-English construction contract terms. Unquestionably the most detailed and thorough commentary ever published on the FIDIC Red Book, this highly practical work enables preparers of FIDIC contracts to amend and adapt the Red Book’s provisions to a particular project. Dispute adjudicators, arbitrators, and judges will welcome the book’s authoritative guidance on interpreting the provisions of a FIDIC contract, and engineers and other construction professionals involved in contract administration will appreciate the book’s many practical features.

Interim and Emergency Relief In International Arbitration is a compilation of papers authored by some of the world’s leading international arbitration practitioners. It addresses issues relating to obtaining interim measure orders, including the relevant applicable standards such as irreparable harm that various international courts and tribunals, under the ICSID, UNCITRAL, ICC, SCC, and some domestic law jurisdictions often apply. It also touches upon theoretical and practical issues involving compliance with and enforcement of interim measures in international arbitration. These issues naturally are raised in the context of an ongoing discourse where tribunals have different, at times imperfect tactics for encouraging compliance with their interim measures including drawing adverse inferences, issuing diplomatic statements against a sovereign stopping just short of ordering interim measures, splitting the sum of security for costs and allowing for reimbursement, and levying heavier damages against the non-complying party without changing the substantive aspects of the award. This book explores these methods and identifies the latest trends in this exciting area of international law. Interim and Emergency Relief In International Arbitration is intended for arbitrators, practicing attorneys, representatives of international arbitral institutions and academics, all of whom will find this book very useful. The compilation of papers and presentations in the book cover a number of jurisdictions including East Asia, the Middle East, Europe and North America.

Besides absolutists of the right (the tsar and his adherents) and left (Lenin and his fellow Bolsheviks), the Russian political landscape in 1917 featured moderates seeking liberal reform and a rapid evolution towards a constitutional monarchy. Vasily Maklakov, a lawyer, legislator and public intellectual, was among the most prominent of these, and the most articulate and sophisticated advocate of the rule of law, the linchpin of liberalism. This book tells the story of his efforts and his analysis of the reasons for their ultimate failure. It is thus, in part, an example for movements seeking to liberalize authoritarian countries today—both as a warning and a guide. Although never a cabinet member or the head of his political party—the Constitutional Democrats or “Kadets”—Maklakov was deeply involved in most of the political events of the period. He was defense counsel for individuals resisting the regime (or charged simply for being of the wrong ethnicity, such as Menahem Beilis, sometimes considered the Russian Dreyfus). He was continuously a member of the Kadets’ central committee and their most compelling orator. As a somewhat maverick (and moderate) Kadet, he stood not only between the country’s absolute extremes (the reactionary monarchists and the revolutionaries), but also between the two more or less liberal centrist parties, the Kadets on the center left, and the Octobrists on the center right. As a member of the Second, Third and Fourth Dumas (1907-1917), he advocated a wide range of reforms, especially in the realms of religious freedom, national minorities, judicial independence, citizens’ judicial remedies, and peasant rights.

A significant increase in investor-State arbitration cases has been observed since the 2000s. The trust placed by investors and States in this method of dispute resolution stems from several strengths. In addition to its neutrality, one of the primary reasons for its widespread use is its adaptability, enabling it to address specific challenges that have emerged in recent decades. The following elements highlight this adaptability: the arbitration procedure can be customised to meet the specific needs of the disputing parties and stakeholders involved. It effectively responds to evolving cultural norms and ethical considerations, such as diversity, gender representation, corporate social responsibility, environmental issues, and human rights. Moreover, it can adapt to global health crises by facilitating online hearings. Finally, during times of international armed conflict, economic exchanges, trade, investment, and investor-State dispute settlement foster economic integration and interdependence, contributing to maintaining commercial peace and supporting international peace and security. However, investor-State arbitration has sparked vigorous debates, with many advocating for reform in three crucial aspects: transparency, legitimacy, and consistency. Multilateral negotiations are currently underway on various fronts, including the negotiation of more sustainable investment treaties, amendments to institutional arbitral rules, the design of a multilateral investment court, and the development of enhanced policy frameworks. This book delves into the history of investor-State dispute resolution to provide readers with an understanding of how its main features have evolved over time. It examines the most intensely debated procedural issues, analyses their multifaceted characteristics, reviews the complex relationship between investor-State arbitration and the European Union, and explores potential options for addressing stakeholder concerns.

This book outlines the protection standards typically contained in international investment agreements as they are actually applied and interpreted by investment tribunals. It thus provides a basis for analysis, criticism, and stocktaking of the existing system of investment arbitration. It covers all main protection standards, such as expropriation, fair and equitable treatment, full protection and security, the non-discrimination standards of national treatment and MFN, the prohibition of unreasonable and discriminatory measures, umbrella clauses and transfer guarantees. These standards are covered in separate chapters providing an overview of textual variations, explaining the origin of the standards and analysing the main conceptual issues as developed by investment tribunals. Relevant cases with quotations that illustrate how tribunals have relied upon the standards are presented in depth. An extensive bibliography guides the reader to more specific aspects of each investment standard permitting the book's use as a commentary of the main investment protection standards.

siness models adopted by insurance companies; and comparative analysis of double tax treaty policies adopted in a number of countries with respect to the permanent establishment provision in the insurance business, highlighting Switzerland for comparative purposes. In a concluding chapter, the author proposes changes to the definition of the dependent agent permanent establishment currently enshrined in the model treaties and their respective commentaries, aligning such a definition to the regulatory framework in which insurance companies conduct their business in countries other than that of incorporation. As a highly significant and timely contribution to the study of the interplay between insurance regulation and tax implications, this very original work will prove of especial value to practitioners in international tax and insurance law, as well as professionals in the financial services sector and tax academics.