This edited book on Research Methodology is tailored for postgraduate studies in Social and Behavioral Sciences, designed to benefit research scholars across universities, colleges, and research institutes in related disciplines. Emphasizing the value of formative assessment, we view it as a pivotal tool to aid and empower students in their learning journeys. In fields like sociology, political science, library science, home science, education, and management, research methods and procedures exhibit notable similarities, particularly in areas involving researcher-led interviews with people. Agricultural extension research methods represent a significant non-formal educational system globally, focused on transferring knowledge and research outcomes to farmers, alongside potential services for farm families, rural youth, and the development of rural community resources. The perspective on agricultural development has evolved significantly, coinciding with reduced governmental involvement in many societies and the increased roles of private enterprise and non-governmental organizations. Economic liberalization has opened new doors for farmers but has also heightened competition, making it challenging to predict future trends and provide definitive guidance to farmers. Addressing agricultural and rural development challenges in developing countries necessitates a sufficient number of well-trained and skilled professionals. Effective problem-solving for farmers relies on extension workers and agricultural graduates possessing broad knowledge of extension teaching methods and technologies. This book consolidates comprehensive information on research methods in extension education to support practitioners in the field.

The book clearly illustrates the fundamental concepts related to the aspect of social research in the context of Extension Education. The book is divided into 4 parts Foundations of social research deals with universal and basic units of social research like scientific approach, meaning, process and development of scientific research problem. It also deals with defining and measurement of variables and testing of reliability and validity of measuring instruments. Research Methods section deals with the three major research methods used in extension education/ Agricultural extension, namely Survey research, Action research and case study. This section discusses in detail the process, relative advantages and limitations of each of these three methods. There are numerous research methods used in social research. Tools and techniques of data collection deals with situation suitability, relative advantages and limitation of various data collections techniques like face to face interview, mailed questionnaire, observation method, content analysis, sociometry and projective methods. Data processing and report writing section deals with making the collected data amenable for statistical analysis i.e. coding. This section discusses in detail the various types of codes and their utility. It also deals with formulation and testing of hypothesis and writing of the research report.

This book is the outcome of more than 20 years of experience of the author in teaching and research field. The wider scope and coverage of the book will help not only the students/ researchers/professionals in the field of agriculture and allied disciplines, but also the researchers and practitioners in other fields. Written in simple and lucid language, the book would appeal to all those who are meant to be benefitted out of it. All efforts have been made to present "RESEARCH", its meaning, intention and usefulness. The book reflects current methodological techniques used in interdisciplinary research, as illustrated with many relevant worked out examples. Designing of research programme, selection of variables, collection of data and their analysis to interpret the data are discussed extensively. Statistical tools are complemented with real-life examples, making the otherwise complicated subject like statistics seem simpler. Attempts have been made to demonstrate how a user can solve the problems using simple computer-oriented programme. Emphasis is placed not only on solving the problems in various fields but also on drawing inferences from the problems. The importance of instruments and computers in research processes and statistical analyses along with their misuse/incorrect use is also discussed to make the user aware about the correct use of specific technique. In all the chapters, theories are combined with examples, and steps are enumerated to follow the correct use of the available packages like MSEXCELL, SPSS, SPAR1, SAS etc. Utmost care has been taken to present varied range of research problems along with their solutions in agriculture and allied fields which would be of immense use to readers.

The Fundamental Ideas Behind Research Methodology, Including The Techniques and Applications acts as a resource that is necessary for gaining a grasp of the fundamental concepts and procedures of research methodology. The subjects that are covered in this book are quite diverse and include qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, sample procedures, data gathering tactics, and approaches to data analysis. Each chapter is intended to assist in the construction of a strong foundation by providing insights into the practical uses of research methodology across a variety of industries. An examination of the significance of ethical issues, literature reviews, and the function of technology in contemporary research procedures will be conducted for the readers. This book equips readers with the knowledge and skills necessary to successfully develop and carry out their own research projects by providing them with clear explanations, practical examples, and hands-on activities. This comprehensive resource will improve your understanding of research procedures, which will eventually contribute to the growth of knowledge and informed decision-making. Whether you are a student, an educator, or a professional, you will benefit from this resource.

The tools used in data collection have the ability to influence the ways information is perceived and generated. Analyzing research processes is a concept that can be overlooked, though is as important as the information itself. Methods and Paradigms in Education Research addresses the innovative formulaic approaches taken in research to challenge their effectiveness. Featuring coverage on selection, forms, and analytical procedures of data, this publication is essential for researchers, students, and academicians seeking current information on understanding research methodology.

Methods in Educational Research Methods in Educational Research is designed to prepare students for the real world of educational research. It focuses on scientifically-based methods, school accountability, and the professional demands of the twenty-first century, empowering researchers to take an active role in conducting research in their classrooms, districts, and the greater educational community. Like the first edition, this edition helps students, educators, and researchers develop a broad and deep understanding of research methodologies. It includes substantial new content on the impact of No Child Left Behind legislation, school reform, quantitative and qualitative methodologies, logic modeling, action research, and other areas. Special features to assist the teaching and learning processes include vignettes illustrating research tied to practice, suggested readings at the end of each chapter, and discussion questions to reinforce chapter content. Praise for the Previous Edition "A new attempt to make this subject more relevant and appealing to students. Most striking is how useful this book is because it is really grounded in educational research. It is very well written and quite relevant for educational researchers or for the student hoping to become one." -PsycCRITIQUES/American Psychological Association "I applaud the authors for their attempt to cover a wide range of material. The straightforward language of the book helps make the material understandable for readers." -Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation

This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational concepts in behavioral research, and can serve as a stand-alone text or as a supplement to research readings in any doctoral seminar or research methods class. This book is currently used as a research text at universities on six continents and will shortly be available in nine different languages.