In Ecumenical Foundations Dr. Hogg has given us the definitive history of the origin and the first three decades of the International Missionary Council. Here is also a highly important contribution to our knowledge of missionary cooperation of significant phases of the early stages and development of the Ecumenical Movement. --Kenneth Scott, Latourette of Yale University This book appears at an opportune, one might say, a providential, moment. It focuses attention on the history and significance of the most creative international organization of these last revolutionary decades. It also provides answers to many questions, and clarifies many concepts which perplex intelligent Christians in all the churches. It is impossible to understand the background, genius, and problems of the Ecumenical Movement without recourse to this pioneer attempt to chart its course. --John A. Mackay, of Princeton Theological Seminary Dr. Hogg has done a magnificent piece of work and has provided an historical record of great importance. It is the indispensable volume for understanding one of the main streams of Christian unity. There is no other place where one can get so good a picture of the way in which the missionary movement has led to the present stage in teh ecumenical movement. --Samuel McCrea Cavert, General Secretary, National Council of the Churches of Christ

How are religious educational institutions built? In histories of evangelical institution-building in the Victorian Indian colonial period (1858-1901), this question has mostly been addressed from the perspective of the religious ends that Christian missionaries sought to achieve and the ideological obstacles they encountered. This may be called the 'values' approach. Missionary Calculus sets this aside and examines, instead, the most routine transactions of missionaries in building an evangelical institution, the Sunday school. Missionaries daily struggled with and acted upon certain questions: How shall we acquire land and money to set up such schools? What methods shall we employ to attract students? What curriculum, books, and classroom materials shall we use? How shall we tune our hymns? Shall we employ non-Christians to teach in Christian Sunday schools? The makers of colonial Sunday schools focused obsessively on the means, the material and symbolic resources, with which they felt they could achieve certain immediate objectives. Such a transactional or 'instrumental' approach resulted in stated religious 'values' being insidiously compromised. Using insights from classical Weberian sociology, and through a close scrutiny of missionary means, this book shows how the success or failure of meeting evangelical ends may be assessed. With extensive archival research, chiefly on American missionaries in colonial India, this work examines the formation of Sunday schools at the point of transnational, intercultural contact. Readers interested in religion, education, and colonial history should find the matter, method, outcomes, and narration of Missionary Calculus new and thought-provoking.