Excerpt from Report of Ontario Commission on Railway Taxation 1905 In presenting a summary of the British system, we have availed our selves more especially of the exhaustive and voluminous reports of the Royal Commission on Local Taxation, recently completed. We have added also a survey of the taxation of railways in the various Provinces of the Dominion. We have been indebted, for valuable assistance, to such a large number of persons that it is impossible to acknowledge our obligations in detail. We must content ourselves with a slight reference to the very efficient and painstaking services of the Secretary of the Commission, Mr. W. B. Wilk inson, who, in addition to contributing valuable elements to our discussions, undertook the greater part of the work of preparing our itinerary, arranging interviews and procuring documents and materials. The question as to the most suitable method for the taxation of rail ways is simply a section, though in Canada to-day the most important sec tion, of the general problem as to the taxation of economic corporations. The problem of the taxation of corporations is a comparatively new one in Canada, but it is certain to continue to enlarge in importance and complex ity, until it far overshadows all other aspects of direct taxation. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

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Rising densities of human settlements, migration and transport to reduce distances to market, and specialization and trade facilitated by fewer international divisions are central to economic development. The transformations along these three dimensions density, distance, and division are most noticeable in North America, Western Europe, and Japan, but countries in Asia and Eastern Europe are changing in ways similar in scope and speed. 'World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography' concludes that these spatial transformations are essential, and should be encouraged. The conclusion is not without controversy. Slum-dwellers now number a billion, but the rush to cities continues. Globalization is believed to benefit many, but not the billion people living in lagging areas of developing nations. High poverty and mortality persist among the world's 'bottom billion', while others grow wealthier and live longer lives. Concern for these three billion often comes with the prescription that growth must be made spatially balanced. The WDR has a different message: economic growth is seldom balanced, and efforts to spread it out prematurely will jeopardize progress. The Report: documents how production becomes more concentrated spatially as economies grow. proposes economic integration as the principle for promoting successful spatial transformations. revisits the debates on urbanization, territorial development, and regional integration and shows how today's developers can reshape economic geography.