This first volume offers comprehensive analyses on a variety of topics ranging from legal to social statute of the refugees. The authors and their contributions are as follows: Çağla Arslan Bozkuş “Legal Status of Refugees”; Özkan Gönül and Yunus Karaağaç “Social Rights of Refugees”, Hasan Acar and Serhat Bulut “The Political Rights of Refugees”; Gülayşe Ülgen Türedi “Refugees and Human Rights”; Emine Kılıçaslan “Refugee and Cultural Rights of Refugees in the Context of Political Communication”; Cenap Çakmak Clarifying the Legal Status: Distinctions between Refugees, Asylum Seekers and (Irregular) Migrants”; Mehlika Özlem Ultan “Conceptual Framework About Migration”; Akın Kiren “The History of Refugee Movements: A Brief Overview”; Hakan Sezgin Erkan “Development Assistance and Refugee Crisis”; Merve Mamacı “Refugee Well-Being in Work Life”; Saadat Demirci “Integration of Refugees into the Society”; Güneş Koç “Identity Construction of Syrian in their Narratives”; Asena Boztaş “Refugees, Integration and Political-Demographic Concerns in Turkey and the World”; Cemal Kakışım and Ozan Selçuk “Integration Policies of the European Union and Turkey towards Refugees”; and Hekma Wali “The Local Integration of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey”.

Media have played an important role in framing the public debate on the “refugee crisis” that peaked in autumn of 2015. This report examines the narratives developed by print media in eight European countries and how they contributed to the public perception of the “crisis”, shifting from careful tolerance over the summer, to an outpouring of solidarity and humanitarianism in September 2015, and to a securitisation of the debate and a narrative of fear in November 2015. Overall, there has been limited opportunity in mainstream media coverage for refugees and migrants to give their views on events, and little attention paid to the individuals’ plight or the global and historical context of their displacement. Refugees and migrants are often portrayed as an undistinguishable group of anonymous and unskilled outsiders who are either vulnerable or dangerous. The dissemination of biased or ill-founded information contributes to perpetuating stereotypes and creating an unfavourable environment not only for the reception of refugees but also for the longer-term perspectives of societal integration.

The New Asylum and Transit Countries in Europe during and in the Aftermath of the 2015/2016 Crisis provides an essential cartography of the state of asylum during the crisis and explores how law shapes and distorts refugee protection practices in frontline states.

The role of the international organizations in formulation, development and evolution of refugee policies is the focus of the contributions in the third volume. We have eight chapters presented as follows: Doğan Şafak Polat "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and its Relations with the other United Nations' Organs"; Ebru Gür and Soyalp Tamçelik "Interagency Cooperation between UNHCR and ILO (International Labour Organization) on the Promotion of Refugees Right to Work"; Ebru Gür and Soyalp Tamçelik "Demographic Reports of UNHCR for Refugees"; İsmail Melih Baş "The Sustainable Development Goals (Sdgs) and Migrants / Migration"; Dinçer Bayer "Refugee Policy of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)"; Adnan Seyaz "NATO and the Current Refugee Crisis Prospects and Challenges"; Furkan Yıldız "Refugee Policies of Council of Europe"; and Hazar Dördüncü "The Impact of International Trade Organizations on the Refugee Crisis".

This six-volume book series titled “Refugee Crisis in International Politics” are prepared with the aim of clarifying the above-mentioned issues and enriching the content, context, and depth to the field of science. “States must protect all migrants against violence based on racism and xenophobia, exploitation, and forced labor. Migrants should not be detained without legitimate reasons or forcefully send back to their home country. States must take responsibility for and fulfill these responsibilities meticulously for refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants to be able to rebuild their lives safely against serious dangers. Sharing responsibility for global problems is fair in the 21st century”. İçindekiler PREFACE CHAPTER 1. THE EU REFUGEE POLICIES AND THE STATUS OF REFUGEES – Neriman Hocaoğlu Bahadır CHAPTER 2. THE EUROPEAN UNION MIGRATION POLICY: EVOLUTION THROUGH REFUGEE CRISIS – Sertif Demir CHAPTER 3. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE REFUGEE CRISIS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION – Mesut Şöhret CHAPTER 4. GENDER, MIGRATION, AND SECURITY: THE EU’S RESPONSE TO THE REFUGEE CRISIS – Ayşegül Gökalp Kutlu CHAPTER 5. RE-BORDERING EUROPE?: REFUGEES AND ‘TEMPORARY’ INTERNAL BORDER CONTROLS – Aslı Şirin and Ebru Dalğakıran CHAPTER 6. SECURITIZATION OF REFUGEE PROBLEM WITHIN EUROPEAN UNION – Mesut Şöhret CHAPTER 7. NORMATIVE ELUSIVENESS OF EUROPE IN TERMS OF REFUGEE CRISIS – Sinem Bal CHAPTER 8. REFUGEE POLICIES OF THE BALTIC COUNTRIES – Burulkan Abdibaitova Pala CHAPTER 9. A HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY ANALYSIS OF THE BRITISH IMMIGRATION POLICIES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR SETTLEMENT AND INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF TURKISH IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM – Serkan Baykuşoglu CHAPTER 10. MIGRATION POLICY OF SPAIN – Ferda Özer CHAPTER 11. POPULISM AND REFUGEE POLICIES OF AUSTRIA – Sinem Eray CHAPTER 12. BELGIUM’S IMMIGRATION ASYLUM POLICIES IN TIMES OF CRISIS – Ebru Dalğakıran CHAPTER 13. HUNGARY’S ASYLUM POLICY BEFORE AND AFTER THE REFUGEE MOVEMENT IN 2015 – Aslı Şirin CHAPTER 14. ASYLUM POLICY OF REPUBLIC OF SERBIA: THE CASE OF THE HUMANITARIAN ROUTE – Ayşegül Bostan

An unprecedented number of people is currently on the move seeking refuge in Europe. Large parts of European societies respond with anxiety and mistrust to the influx of people. Nationalist, anti-migrant parties from Slovakia over Germany to the UK have gained increasing support among the electorate and challenge the political mainstream. Europe is struggling how to respond. While the search for solutions is ongoing one pattern seems to be emerging: Fortress Europe is in the making. Unfortunately, few of these discussions and measures consider the structural root causes and dynamics of migration, the motives of migrants or societal challenges more thoroughly. This book seeks to address this deficit. Taking migration and asylum policies as a starting point, it analyses the various dimensions underpinning migration. In doing so, it identifies why receiving countries are in many ways part of the problem. To eschew an overtly Euro-centric perspective and stimulate a debate between science and politics, it contains contributions by academics and practitioners alike from both shores of the Mediterranean.

New forms of solidarity are being shaped as a response to the European “refugee crisis.” The state—in the form of national governments—has not been able to implement any viable or sustainable solution to the crisis, but the solidarity movement has been very visible and active in European countries. This book offers a conceptualization of three types of solidarity: autonomous, civic, and institutional solidarity. This framework is applied to three case studies, illustrating the emergence of different forms of solidarity: the City Plaza Hotel in Athens, the Danish “friendly neighbors,” and Barcelona as refuge city.