We are happy to present the second volume of the Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems. Uncertainty pervades the real world and must therefore be addressed by every system that attempts to represent reality. The representation of un certainty is a major concern of philosophers, logicians, artificial intelligence researchers and computer sciencists, psychologists, statisticians, economists and engineers. The present Handbook volumes provide frontline coverage of this area. This Handbook was produced in the style of previous handbook series like the Handbook of Philosophical Logic, the Handbook of Logic in Computer Science, the Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, and can be seen as a companion to them in covering the wide applications of logic and reasoning. We hope it will answer the needs for adequate representations of uncertainty. This Handbook series grew out of the ESPRIT Basic Research Project DRUMS II, where the acronym is made out of the Handbook series title. This project was financially supported by the European Union and regroups 20 major European research teams working in the general domain of uncer tainty. As a fringe benefit of the DRUMS project, the research community was able to create this Handbook series, relying on the DRUMS partici pants as the core of the authors for the Handbook together with external international experts.

This volume deals with approaches to handling contradictory information. These include approaches for actual contradiction - both A and not-A can be proven from the information - and approaches for potential contradiction - where the information may contain arguments for A and arguments for not-A, but the system suppresses the contradiction by, for example, preferring some arguments over others. Approaches covered include paraconsistent logics, modal logics, default logics, conditional logics, defeasible logics and paraconsistent semantics for logic programming. The volume is of interest to students, researchers and practitioners in artificial intelligence, software engineering, logic, language and philosophy. This volume is the first handbook to give a comprehensive coverage of handling contradictory information.

The Second Edition of this text continues to provide a comprehensive introduction to Logic, a subject that is increasingly becoming popular among students. What distinguishes the text is its graded step-by-step approach to the subject, with informal logic forming the basis and Symbolic logic and Inductive logic forming the more advanced steps. The book also uses a hands-on approach to teaching of logic to induce self-learning, as shown in sections such as on how to create a truth table or a truth tree, on providing strategic tips for formal derivations, and on how to approach symbolization in predicate logic. The Appendices, including those on Indian logic and the nature of inference in Indian logic, are designed to create greater awareness about the extent and depth of the field among students. WHAT’S NEW TO THIS EDITION  A new Appendix on Basic Set Theory. It covers all the fundamental concepts, principles and operations in Basic Set Theory.  Some sections in Chapter 3 on Fallacies have been modified.  Corrections/Modifications done wherever required. KEY FEATURES  In-depth and extensive coverage of Predicate logic.  Covers both Informal and Formal logic.  Each section has many worked-out examples and exercises.  Worked-out examples given in a step-by-step manner for easy compre-hension.  Keywords at the end of each chapter. Intended primarily as a text for students of Philosophy, the book would also be useful to students of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering where Logic is offered as part of their course. Read More

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems, ISMIS 2009, held in Prague, Czech Republic, in September 2009. The 60 revised papers presented together with 4 plenary talks were carefully reviewed and selected from over 111 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on knowledge discovery and data mining, applications and intelligent systems in Medicine, logical and theoretical aspects of intelligent systems, text mining, applications of intelligent sysems in music, information processing, agents, machine learning, applications of intelligent systems, complex data, general AI as well as uncertainty.

This book constitutes the refereed conference proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Multi-disciplinary Trends in Artificial Intelligence, MIWAI 2015, held in Fuzhou, China, in November 2015. The 30 revised full papers presented together with 12 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 83 submissions. The papers feature a wide range of topics covering knowledge representation, reasoning, and management; multi-agent systems; data mining and machine learning; computer vision; robotics; AI in bioinformatics; AI in security and networks; and other AI applications.

The refereed proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty, ECSQARU 2003, held in Aalborg, Denmark in July 2003. The 47 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited survey articles were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on foundations of uncertainty concepts, Bayesian networks, algorithms for uncertainty inference, learning, decision graphs, belief functions, fuzzy sets, possibility theory, default reasoning, belief revision and inconsistency handling, logics, and tools.