Readings in Fuzzy Sets for Intelligent Systems is a collection of readings that explore the main facets of fuzzy sets and possibility theory and their use in intelligent systems. Basic notions in fuzzy set theory are discussed, along with fuzzy control and approximate reasoning. Uncertainty and informativeness, information processing, and membership, cognition, neural networks, and learning are also considered. Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with a historical background on fuzzy sets and possibility theory, citing some forerunners who discussed ideas or formal definitions very close to the basic notions introduced by Lotfi Zadeh (1978). The reader is then introduced to fundamental concepts in fuzzy set theory, including symmetric summation and the setting of fuzzy logic; uncertainty and informativeness; and fuzzy control. Subsequent chapters deal with approximate reasoning; information processing; decision and management sciences; and membership, cognition, neural networks, and learning. Numerical methods for fuzzy clustering are described, and adaptive inference in fuzzy knowledge networks is analyzed. This monograph will be of interest to both students and practitioners in the fields of computer science, information science, applied mathematics, and artificial intelligence.

The rapidly evolving business and technology landscape demands sophisticated decision-making tools to stay ahead of the curve. Advances in Complex Decision Making: Using Machine Learning and Tools for Service-Oriented Computing is a cutting-edge technical guide exploring the latest decision-making technology advancements. This book provides a comprehensive overview of machine learning algorithms and examines their applications in complex decision-making systems in a service-oriented framework. The authors also delve into service-oriented computing and how it can be used to build complex systems that support decision making. Many real-world examples are discussed in this book to provide a practical insight into how discussed techniques can be applied in various domains, including distributed computing, cloud computing, IoT and other online platforms. For researchers, students, data scientists and technical practitioners, this book offers a deep dive into the current developments of machine learning algorithms and their applications in service-oriented computing. This book discusses various topics, including Fuzzy Decisions, ELICIT, OWA aggregation, Directed Acyclic Graph, RNN, LSTM, GRU, Type-2 Fuzzy Decision, Evidential Reasoning algorithm and robust optimisation algorithms. This book is essential for anyone interested in the intersection of machine learning and service computing in complex decision-making systems.

The aim of this volume of scientific essays is twofold. On the one hand, by remembering the scientific figure of Eduardo R. Caianiello, it aims at focusing on his outstanding contributions – from theoretical physics to cybernetics – which after so many years still represent occasion of innovative paths to be fruitfully followed. It must be stressed the contribution that his interdisciplinary methodology can still be of great help in affording and solving present day complex problems. On the other hand, it aims at pinpointing with the help of the scientists contributing to the volume – some crucial problems in present day research in the fields of interest of Eduardo Caianiello and which are still among the main lines of investigation of some of the Institutes founded by Eduardo (Istituto di Cibernetica del CNR, IIAS, etc).

The book aims to merge Computational Intelligence with Data Mining, which are both hot topics of current research and industrial development, Computational Intelligence, incorporates techniques like data fusion, uncertain reasoning, heuristic search, learning, and soft computing. Data Mining focuses on unscrambling unknown patterns or structures in very large data sets. Under the headline "Discovering Structures in Large Databases” the book starts with a unified view on ‘Data Mining and Statistics – A System Point of View’. Two special techniques follow: ‘Subgroup Mining’, and ‘Data Mining with Possibilistic Graphical Models’. "Data Fusion and Possibilistic or Fuzzy Data Analysis” is the next area of interest. An overview of possibilistic logic, nonmonotonic reasoning and data fusion is given, the coherence problem between data and non-linear fuzzy models is tackled, and outlier detection based on learning of fuzzy models is studied. In the domain of "Classification and Decomposition” adaptive clustering and visualisation of high dimensional data sets is introduced. Finally, in the section "Learning and Data Fusion” learning of special multi-agents of virtual soccer is considered. The last topic is on data fusion based on stochastic models.

Decision makers are often faced with several conflicting alternatives. How do they evaluate trade-offs when there are more than three criteria? To help people make optimal decisions, scholars in the discipline of multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) continue to develop new methods for structuring preferences and determining the correct relative weights for criteria. A compilation of modern decision-making techniques, Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications focuses on the fuzzy set approach to multiple attribute decision making (MADM). Drawing on their experience, the authors bring together current methods and real-life applications of MADM techniques for decision analysis. They also propose a novel hybrid MADM model that combines DEMATEL and analytic network process (ANP) with VIKOR procedures. The first part of the book focuses on the theory of each method and includes examples that can be calculated without a computer, providing a complete understanding of the procedures. Methods include the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), ANP, simple additive weighting method, ELECTRE, PROMETHEE, the gray relational model, fuzzy integral technique, rough sets, and the structural model. Integrating theory and practice, the second part of the book illustrates how methods can be used to solve real-world MADM problems. Applications covered in the book include: AHP to select planning and design services for a construction project TOPSIS and VIKOR to evaluate the best alternative-fuel vehicles for urban areas ELECTRE to solve network design problems in urban transportation planning PROMETEE to set priorities for the development of new energy systems, from solar thermal to hydrogen energy Fuzzy integrals to evaluate enterprise intranet web sites Rough sets to make decisions in insurance marketing Helping readers understand how to apply MADM techniques to their decision making, this book is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students as well as practitioners.

This book offers a comprehensive and consistent mathematical approach to information retrieval (IR) without which no implementation is possible, and sheds an entirely new light upon the structure of IR models. It contains the descriptions of all IR models in a unified formal style and language, along with examples for each, thus offering a comprehensive overview of them. The book also creates mathematical foundations and a consistent mathematical theory (including all mathematical results achieved so far) of IR as a stand-alone mathematical discipline, which thus can be read and taught independently. Also, the book contains all necessary mathematical knowledge on which IR relies, to help the reader avoid searching different sources. Audience: The book will be of interest to computer or information scientists, librarians, mathematicians, undergraduate students and researchers whose work involves information retrieval.

An introductory review of uncertainty formalisms by the volume editors begins the volume. The first main part of the book introduces some of the general problems dealt with in research. The second part is devoted to case studies; each presentation in this category has a well-delineated application problem and an analyzed solution based on an uncertainty formalism. The final part reports on developments of uncertainty formalisms and supporting technology, such as automated reasoning systems, that are vital to making these formalisms applicable. The book ends with a useful subject index. There is considerable synergy between the papers presented. The representative collection of case studies and associated techniques make the volume a particularly coherent and valuable resource. It will be indispensable reading for researchers and professionals interested in the application of uncertainty formalisms as well as for newcomers to the topic.