About the book 2020 has been a year shaped up by Coronavirus (COVID-19). This pandemic has resulted in widespread economic uncertainty and disruption of businesses across the world. There have been far reaching implications on financial reporting and this may continue for next couple of years. These circumstances potentially present entities with several challenges when preparing their financial statements for year ended 31 March 2021 and subsequent financial results. This book covers some of the key financial reporting implications that companies need to consider and, also, possible approaches that they may consider to dealing with the same keeping in view the business objectives, financial covenants and the accounting standards. Key consideration under COVID-19 for financial reporting consist of: asset impairment; inventory valuations and write downs; revenue recognition; debt covenants and debt servicing; lease rental concessions; foreign exchange accounting and losses/gains due to extreme volatility; litigation resulting from contractual defaults, invocation of force majeure clauses and potential exposure; Insurance claims for losses during shutdown period or loss of lives; and going concern. The Companies shall ensure that they provide sufficient disclosures in the notes to the financial statements with information about the entity that's useful to existing and potential investors, creditors, lenders, and other stakeholders. This book highlights the existing financial reporting requirements under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 that should be considered when addressing the financial effects of COVID 19 when preparing annual financial statements and possible audit approaches that can be considered relevant. The role of auditors at this stage would be under increased scrutiny as the auditors have responsibility to complete the audit work in accordance with professional standards and ethics requirements. Under the current circumstances, auditors must recognize that the manner in which they conducted the audits in the past may need significant modification to address the challenges and uncertainties arising out of the impact of COVID-19. Additionally, irrespective of the challenges and uncertainties, there should not be any dilution in the reporting or non-compliance with the auditing standards in carrying out the audits. This book is an attempt to cover the requirements of the accounting standards and auditing standards, with illustrative examples and COVID-19 related extracts from published financial statements of companies. The readers would find this book very useful. Key Features Covering: - Key accounting impact, with real-life examples and illustrations, under Ind AS and AS due to COVID-19. - Key COVID-19 considerations under auditing standards with real-life examples of KAM/EOM/qualifications in audit reports. - Real-life practical examples and extracts from Companies' financial statements/results. - Simple and concise summaries of accounting and auditing literature.

About the Book Coronavirus (COVID-19) has been rightly described as an unprecedented human, economic and financial crisis facing the world. This pandemic has resulted in widespread economic uncertainty and disruption of businesses. COVID-19 has and will have far reaching implications on financial reporting. These circumstances would potentially present entities with several challenges when preparing their financial statements for year/quarter ended 31 March 2020. This book, covers some of the key financial reporting implications that companies need to consider and also, possible approaches that may be considered while dealing with the same up-keeping in view of the business objectives, financial covenants and the accounting standards. The key aspects impacted by COVID-19 for financial reporting are: asset impairment; inventory valuations and write downs; revenue recognition; debt covenants and debt servicing; foreign exchange accounting and losses/gains due to extreme volatility; litigation resulting from contractual defaults, invocation of force majeure clauses and potential exposure; insurance claims for losses during shutdown period or loss of lives; and going concern. The companies shall ensure that they provide sufficient disclosures in the notes to the financial statements with information about the entity that's useful to existing and potential investors, creditors, lenders, and other stakeholders. This book highlights the existing financial reporting requirements under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 that should be considered when addressing the financial effects of COVID 19 while preparing annual financial statements and possible audit approaches that can be considered relevant. The role of auditors at this stage would be under increased scrutiny as the auditors have a public interest obligation to complete the audit work in accordance with professional standards and ethics requirements. Under the current circumstances, auditors must recognise that the manner in which they conducted the audits in the past may need significant modification to address the challenges and uncertainties arising out of the impact of COVID-19. Additionally, irrespective of the challenges and uncertainties, there should not be any dilution in the reporting or non-compliance with the auditing standards in carrying out the audits.

‘Covid 19: Impact on Financial reporting’ is a brief summary of the accounting, auditing and disclosure aspects to be considered during the period of Covid-19. Areas covered include:(a) Covid-19 brief Financial Challenges & Mitigation including Non-performance of contractual obligations, Travel and tourism industry is being hit hard and Mitigating factors. (b) Auditing Challenges & Solution including Auditor’s responsibility and Inventory physical verification.(c) Impact on Financial Reporting along with impact on Going Concern assumption. (d) Other Key Considerations.

Every financial decision we make impacts our lives. Introduction to Personal Finance: Beginning Your Financial Journey is designed to help students avoid early financial mistakes and provide tools needed to secure a strong foundation for the future. Using engaging visuals and a modular approach, instructors can easily customize their course to topics that matter most to their students. This course empowers students to define their personal values and make smart financial decisions that help them achieve their goals.

The second edition of the Impact Evaluation in Practice handbook is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to impact evaluation for policy makers and development practitioners. First published in 2011, it has been used widely across the development and academic communities. The book incorporates real-world examples to present practical guidelines for designing and implementing impact evaluations. Readers will gain an understanding of impact evaluations and the best ways to use them to design evidence-based policies and programs. The updated version covers the newest techniques for evaluating programs and includes state-of-the-art implementation advice, as well as an expanded set of examples and case studies that draw on recent development challenges. It also includes new material on research ethics and partnerships to conduct impact evaluation. The handbook is divided into four sections: Part One discusses what to evaluate and why; Part Two presents the main impact evaluation methods; Part Three addresses how to manage impact evaluations; Part Four reviews impact evaluation sampling and data collection. Case studies illustrate different applications of impact evaluations. The book links to complementary instructional material available online, including an applied case as well as questions and answers. The updated second edition will be a valuable resource for the international development community, universities, and policy makers looking to build better evidence around what works in development.

Since the global financial crisis of 2007–8, new laws and regulations have been introduced with the aim of improving the transparency in financial reporting. Despite the dramatically increased flow of information to shareholders and the public, this information flow has not always been meaningful or useful. Often it seems that it is not possible to see the wood for the trees. Financial scalds continue, as Wirecard, NMC Health, Patisserie Valerie, going back to Carillion (and many more) demonstrate. Financial and corporate reporting have never been so fraught with difficulties as companies fail to give guidance about the future in an increasingly uncertain world aided and abetted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This concise book argues that the changes have simply masked an increase in the use of corporate PR, impression management, bullet points, glossy images, and other simulacra which allow poor performance to be masked by misleading information presented in glib boilerplate texts, images, and tables. The tone of the narrative sections in annual reports is often misleading. Drawing on extensive research and interviews with insiders and experts, this book charts what has gone wrong with financial reporting and offers a range of solutions to improve information to both investors and the public. This provides a framework for a new era of forward-looking corporate reporting and guidance based on often conflicting multiple corporate goals. The book also examines and contrasts the latest thinking by the regularity authorities. Providing a compelling exploration of the industry’s failings and present difficulties, and the impact of future disruption, this timely, thought-provoking book will be of great interest to students, researchers, and professionals as well as policy makers in accounting, financial reporting, corporate reporting, financial statement analysis, and governance.

We study the impact of the COVID-19 recession on capital structure of publicly listed U.S. firms. Our estimates suggest leverage (Net Debt/Asset) decreased by 5.3 percentage points from the pre-shock mean of 19.6 percent, while debt maturity increased moderately. This de-leveraging effect is stronger for firms exposed to significant rollover risk, while firms whose businesses were most vulnerable to social distancing did not reduce leverage. We rationalize our evidence through a structural model of firm value that shows lower expected growth rate and higher volatility of cash flows following COVID-19 reduced optimal levels of corporate leverage. Model-implied optimal leverage indicates firms which did not de-lever became over-leveraged. We find default probability deteriorates most in large, over-leveraged firms and those that were stressed pre-COVID. Additional stress tests predict value of these firms will be less than one standard deviation away from default if cash flows decline by 20 percent.