This is the fourth volume in a series which provides the texts of the Fortnightly Reports sent by the Governors of the Punjab to the Viceroy. Other key documents sent by the Governor or his Secretary are also included. There are 154 items in total. The volume covers the period which followed the fall of the Khizar Ministry and during which discussions on India's constitutional future were taking place. Initial attempts to form a new Ministry centering on the Muslim League came to an end after serious rioting broke out in Lahore and Amritsar and at least 3,500 people were killed in communal violence in the Western Punjab. There was particular concern as to how the Sikhs would react to these events. Partition now began to look almost certain. As the volume closes further disturbances and killings were again occurring in the main cities of the Punjab.

First biography of Khizr Tiwana, the Unionist Premier of the Punjab during the climacteric period 1942-47. The Punjab formed the heartland of a future Pakistan, hence the subcontinent's destiny rested on the clash between Khizr and Jinnah over the region's unity vs Muslim separatism.

This title is a definitive account of the partition of the Punjab in 1947. It chronicles how East and West Punjab were emptied of unwanted minorities. Besides shedding new light on the events through secret British reports, it contains poignant accounts by eyewitnesses, survivors and even participators in the carnage, from both sides of the border.

This book traces the roots of modern-day Kashmir and the role of Sheikh Abdullah in its making. As the most influential political figurehead in twentieth-century Kashmir, he played a crucial role in its transformation from a kingdom to a state in independent India. He was enigmatic and complex, to say the least. Following his meteoric rise, he dominated the political scene for more than 50 years, with enduring impact. The volume presents a keen analysis of pre-Independence events which led to the emergence of a controversial and confused identity of the region. It also looks at other major themes in the political life of Kashmir, including the formation of the Muslim Conference, the plebiscite movement and the Kashmir Accord. A major intervention in the political life of South Asia, this book presents an inside-view of the history of modern Kashmir through the life and times of Sheikh Abdullah. It will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of politics, history, and modern South Asia.

A groundbreaking history of the political ideas that made modern India Violent Fraternity is a major history of the political thought that laid the foundations of modern India. Taking readers from the dawn of the twentieth century to the independence of India and formation of Pakistan in 1947, the book is a testament to the power of ideas to drive historical transformation. Shruti Kapila sheds new light on leading figures such as M. K. Gandhi, Muhammad Iqbal, B. R. Ambedkar, and Vinayak Savarkar, the founder of Hindutva, showing how they were innovative political thinkers as well as influential political actors. She also examines lesser-known figures who contributed to the making of a new canon of political thought, such as B. G. Tilak, considered by Lenin to be the "fountainhead of revolution in Asia," and Sardar Patel, India's first deputy prime minister. Kapila argues that it was in India that modern political languages were remade through a revolution that defied fidelity to any exclusive ideology. The book shows how the foundational questions of politics were addressed in the shadow of imperialism to create both a sovereign India and the world's first avowedly Muslim nation, Pakistan. Fraternity was lost only to be found again in violence as the Indian age signaled the emergence of intimate enmity. A compelling work of scholarship, Violent Fraternity demonstrates why India, with its breathtaking scale and diversity, redefined the nature of political violence for the modern global era.

Diving deep into the saga of 1,000 years of painful slavery and excruciating humiliation, India, a country with mindboggling resources and riches was heroically freed from the clutches of her last invader, the mighty British rulers. Despite being subjected to foreign rulers for thousands of years, India’s pristine cultural identity and uniqueness of civilization remained intact. The political partnership among Indian leaders was so prolific that it outshined the acumen of British leaders in every single aspect. The audacity of Winston Churchill to keep India a permanent slave of the British Raj and his hateful condemnation of giving India its political freedom as a shameful flight was decisively defeated by the strong political acumen of Indian leaders. Barrister Jinnah was a crack in the wall as he was hell-bent on his demand for a separate Pakistan of Muslims. India was asking for independence as a united India but the British divided it into two different nations thereby creating permanent enmity between them with the hope of invading these fragile states one more time. Till his last breath, Mahatma Gandhi fought for Hindu-Muslim unity and undivided India. His preaching for non-violence, universal brotherhood, and tolerance became the universal truth and panacea for present-day problems of the modern world.

Like the Rape of Nanking, the partition of India was a dramatic, bloody crisis that remains a key historical faultline today.