Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2015 in the subject Business economics - Trade and Distribution, grade: 3.6/5, , language: English, abstract: This study has identified the main actors in the Ndop rice value chain in Cameroon, beginning with the cost of production at the farmer’s level, then the costs or added values at each stage identified along the value chain. It has been shown that farmers incur a production cost of 114,6 Francs per kilogram of paddy rice, which they sell at 120 Francs to millers. In the process along the value chain it is shown that the millers make the highest profit. UNDVA gets the lion’s share (154909,96 Francs) followed by the private miller (105504 Francs) per hectare, while the farmers gets only 27,200 Francs. Further analyses show that the farmer could improve his profit margin by 78,304 Francs if he mills his rice with the private millers and sells to a wholesaler and by 127,709 Francs a if he mills with UNDVA, if he was not financially handicapped and /or restrained from pursuing such an option. Also, the farmer’s profit situation is sometimes worsened by local rice collectors when because of financial constraints he is lured into unfair production pre-financing deals involving taking loans from middlemen to repay in kind at harvest time and at giveaway rates. On other hand, millers further increase their lion’s share of the profit from the sales of rice brand, a byproduct of milled rice, which is never handed to the farmer. Value chain analysis revealed the following weaknesses along the chain: the activities of the actors are as yet uncoordinated; income distribution is unequal and disfavors the farmers; returns to the farmers, who the principal actors, are discouragingly very low and due mainly to high cost of the labour intensive activities, unattractively low producer price(less than a third of the consumer price, and to financial constraints that hinder him from extending his production activities to include milling. Generally in the Cameroon rice market, Ndop rice is less competitive when faced with competition from imported rice, especially that imported from India and Vietnam whose higher quality attracts consumers to the extent that rice dealers prefer dealing with imported rice despite its higher cost, because the consumer market prices are high enough to give them profits higher by up to 1250 francs per 50 kilogram bag when compared to Ndop rice deals.

The study revealed that the dominant Agricultural extension approaches used in the rice sector in Cameroon is ToT and T&V. The methods of information circulation using these approaches are individual and group methods. The extension approaches has been criticized for its ineffectiveness especially in the circulation of information in rice production. lack of room for participation in the manner of implementing agricultural approaches (ToT and T&V), government bias policy towards the rice sector, weak linkage of farmers to research and other NGOs for assistance, no accessibility of modern technologies like the radio because its too expensive, insufficient finance, shortage of extension workers, behavioural altitude of extension workers towards the farmers, and women low access to information because they are not involved in extension activities are among the most cited problems hindering the effectiveness of extension services in the rice sector in Cameroon. Apart from these general constraints, the finding revealed that the problems extension workers specifically faces that hinders their work performance in effective information circulation in rice production includes low salary, lack of technical aids, to many farmers to attain to, too technical information to communicate to farmers and no reliable transport. In an attempt to improve the extension services in the rice sector in Cameroon, the information circulation frame work was established whereby the three main stakeholders involved in information circulation, that is research, extension and farmers organization were linked in such a way that each actor does what it can do best in enhancing dissemination and utilization of agricultural information all geared towards the rice famers. Whereas supportive government policy, creation of community radio stations, strong link between farmers and researchers and a bottom up implementation of extension approach in information dissemination in Ndop rice can be a good starting point for effective information circulation in Ndop rice production in Cameroon.

Cameroon is a land of much promise, but a land of unfulfilled promises. It has the potential to be an economically developed and democratic society but the struggle to live up to its potential has not gone well. Since independence there have been only two presidents of Cameroon; the current one has been in office since 1982. Endowed with a variety of climates and agricultural environments, numerous minerals and substantial forests, and a dynamic population, this is a country that should be a leader of Africa. Instead, we find a country almost paralyzed by corruption and poor management, a country with a low life expectancy and serious health problems, and a country from which the most talented and highly educated members of the population are emigrating in large numbers. To all of this is recently added a serious terrorism problem, Boko Haram, in the north, a separatist movement in the Anglophone west, refugee influxes in the north and east, and bandits from the Central African Republic attacking eastern villages. This fifth edition of Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Republic of Cameroon.

This book deals with the interplay between identities, codes, stereotypes and politics governing the various constructions and deconstructions of gender in several Western and non-Western societies (Germany, Italy, Serbia, Romania, Cameroon, Indonesia, Vietnam, and others). Readers are invited to discover the realm of gender studies and to reflect upon the transformative potentialities of globalisation and interculturality.

The State of the World's Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture presents the first global assessment of biodiversity for food and agriculture worldwide. Biodiversity for food and agriculture is the diversity of plants, animals and micro-organisms at genetic, species and ecosystem levels, present in and around crop, livestock, forest and aquatic production systems. It is essential to the structure, functions and processes of these systems, to livelihoods and food security, and to the supply of a wide range of ecosystem services. It has been managed or influenced by farmers, livestock keepers, forest dwellers, fish farmers and fisherfolk for hundreds of generations. Prepared through a participatory, country-driven process, the report draws on information from 91 country reports to provide a description of the roles and importance of biodiversity for food and agriculture, the drivers of change affecting it and its current status and trends. It describes the state of efforts to promote the sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity for food and agriculture, including through the development of supporting policies, legal frameworks, institutions and capacities. It concludes with a discussion of needs and challenges in the future management of biodiversity for food and agriculture. The report complements other global assessments prepared under the auspices of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, which have focused on the state of genetic resources within particular sectors of food and agriculture.

Cameroon is a country endowed with a variety of climates and agricultural environments, numerous minerals, substantial forests, and a dynamic population. It is a country that should be a leader of Africa. Instead, we find a country almost paralyzed by corruption and poor management, a country with a low life expectancy and serious health problems, and a country from which the most talented and highly educated members of the population are emigrating in large numbers. Although Cameroon has made economic progress since independence, it has not been able to change the dependent nature of its economy. The economic situation combined with the dismal record of its political history, indicate that prospects for political stability, justice, and prosperity are dimmer than they have been for most of the country's independent existence. The fourth edition of the Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon has been updated to reflect advances in the study of Cameroon's history as well as to provide coverage of the years since the last edition. It relates the turbulent history of Cameroon through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and over 600 cross-referenced dictionary entries on significant persons, events, places, organizations, and other aspects of Cameroon history from the earliest times to the present.

This publication reports on current work in progress to raise the agricultural productivity of a wide range of crops, in eco-friendly ways and in a number of countries around the world, using an agroecological methodology called the System of Crop Intensification (SCI). Through a shift in plant management, SCI allows farmers to increase their production while simultaneously reducing purchased inputs, building soil health, reducing water use, and making plants more resilient to climate change-induced stress.