This book deals with large-scale or macro-level instructional design, which is referred to by other authors variously as curriculum development, course design, training system design or instructional systems design. The emphasis throughout the book is on the application of a systems approach, which implies both a way of thinking about the problem and a methodology for seeking and developing solutions. Thus the approach of the book is problem-oriented. The successful problem-solver requires more than a technique or procedure. He requires experience of similar problems, some general principles that he can apply to the class of problems and a great deal of creativity to develop an optimal method of solving each problem. This book brings together the theories and practical experience that have been built up by instructional technologists over the last two decades, the techniques that are currently most used for the analysis of problems in education and for their solution, and a range of new ideas specially developed by the author to encourage the creative element (so often missing from educational materials). This book is intended for anyone involved in instructional design. It is designed on a ‘grid’ structure to facilitate the reader’s choice of chapters. Those who wish to gain a general overview may concentrate on the chapters at the theory base and analysis levels. Those more practically concerned with course design will find much of use in the synthesis and evaluation levels. Those who wish simply to discover ‘what’s new’ in this book and its treatment of instructional design will find what they are seeking principally in the analysis and evaluation levels.

First Published in 1986. This two-volume work on the development of instruction is planned as a companion to an earlier book- Designing Instructional Systems. This earlier book dealt with the decision-making process involved in overall course planning and curriculum design. The present continues on to the micro-design stages of lesson and instructional materials development. The work is divided into two volumes. Volume 1, Producing Instructional Systems, deals with lesson planning for individualised instruction in the conventional classroom environment, as well as planning of all group learning situations, simulations and games. Volume 2, Developing Auto-Instructional Materials, deals with the development of many different types of materials, including programmed instruction, structural communication, various styles of structured writing, audio and audio-visual instruction and the many types of computer-based materials now being introduced in both education and training. Taken together, these two volumes give extensive coverage of practical techniques for the development of instruction.

Virtually everyone needs a high level of literacy in both print and digital media to negotiate most aspects of 21st century life-succeeding in a competitive job market, supporting a family, navigating health information, and participating in civic activities. Yet, according to a recent survey estimate, more than 90 million adults in the United States lack the literacy skills needed for fully productive and secure lives. At the request of the U.S. Department of Education, the National Research Council convened a committee of experts from many disciplines to synthesize research on literacy and learning in order to improve instruction for those served in adult education in the U.S. The committee's report, Improving Adult Literacy Instruction: Options for Practice and Research, recommends a program of research and innovation to gain a better understanding of adult literacy learners, improve instruction, and create the supports adults need for learning and achievement. Improving Adult Literacy Instruction: Supporting Learning and Motivation, which is based on the report, describes principles of effective instruction to guide those who design and administer adult literacy programs and courses. It also explores ways to motivate learners to persist in their studies, which is crucial given the thousands of hours of study and practice required to become proficient.The booklet concludes with a look at technologies that show promise for supporting individual learners and freeing busy adults from having to be in a particular place in order to practice their literacy skills. Although this booklet is not intended as a "how to" manual for instructors, teachers may also find the information presented here to be helpful as they plan and deliver instruction.

1. Introduction to instructional design – 2. Conducting front-end analysis to identify instructional goal(s) – 3. Conducting a goal analysis – 4. Identifying subordinate skills and entry behaviors – 5. Analyzing learners and contexts – 6. Writing performance objectives – 7. Developing assessment instruments – 8. Developing an instructional strategy – 9. Developing instructional materials – 10. Designing and conducting formative evaluations – 11. Revising instructional materials – 12. Designing and conducting summative evaluations.

This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Adaptive Instructional Systems, AIS 2020, which was due to be held in July 2020 as part of HCI International 2020 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1439 papers and 238 posters have been accepted for publication in the HCII 2020 proceedings from a total of 6326 submissions. The 41 papers presented in this volume were organized in topical sections as follows: designing and developing adaptive instructional systems; learner modelling and methods of adaptation; evaluating the effectiveness of adaptive instructional systems. Chapter "Exploring Video Engagement in an Intelligent Tutoring System" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. Chapters “An Ambient and Pervasive Personalized Learning Ecosystem: “Smart Learning” in the Age of the Internet of Things“ and “Exploring Video Engagement in an Intelligent Tutoring System" are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.