This is an open access book. Health is defined in the 1946 WHO Constitution As “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not just free from disease or weakness”. The opening further affirms “enjoying the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being regardless of race, religion, political beliefs, (or) economic or social conditions.” The implementation of handling this pandemic is based on various WHO protocols, regulations, and guidelines that apply globally. So that the cooperation of different countries in the world will later become an essential part of creating protection of health for all individuals in the world, the existence of these things will encourage the establishment of pandemic handling and control in various countries wherewith the experience and events of the pandemic in previous years. Will promote the implementation of optimization that is getting bigger, effective, efficient, and sustainable. Establishing international guidelines on the targets and stages of implementing pandemic handling and countermeasures will undoubtedly encourage the promotion of health architecture globally to promote acceleration. The International Conference will basically discuss various issues as follows: Health infrastructure and Development for facing the global pandemic Management of Healthcare Services Mobile Health and New Technologies for the global Pandemic Health Policy and Financing World Collaboration for Healthcare in the global pandemic mic/div/div/div/div/divmic/div/div/div/div/divmic/div/div/div/div/divmic/div/div/div/div/divmic/div/div/div/div/div

This is an open access book.Welcome to the 7th Indonesian Conference, focused on the theme of "SDGs Transformation through the Creative Economy: Encouraging Innovation and Sustainability." This edition aims to explore the intersection between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the creative economy, emphasizing the importance of fostering innovation and sustainability.The conference provides a platform for academics, researchers, policymakers, industry professionals, and stakeholders to gather and exchange knowledge, ideas, and experiences regarding the transformative power of the creative economy in achieving the SDGs. By examining the dynamic relationship between creativity, innovation, and sustainable development, this edition aims to generate valuable insights and practical solutions to address the pressing global challenges we face today.Throughout this conference, participants will have the opportunity to delve into various topics related to the creative economy and its potential to contribute to the SDGs. We will explore how creative industries can drive economic growth, promote social inclusivity, preserve cultural heritage, and protect the environment. Moreover, we will investigate innovative approaches, best practices, and emerging trends that can enhance the creative economy's impact on sustainable development.By gathering experts and practitioners from diverse fields, we aim to foster interdisciplinary dialogue and collaboration, ultimately inspiring new ideas, strategies, and policies that can foster a more sustainable and inclusive future. Together, we can harness the power of the creative economy to propel transformative change, aligning our efforts with the global agenda of achieving the SDGs.We extend our heartfelt appreciation to all participants, sponsors, and organizers for their commitment to advancing the discourse on the creative economy and sustainable development. Let us embark on this journey of exploration, innovation, and collaboration, as we work towards a better and more sustainable future for all.

A Brookings Institution Press and Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation publication The trend toward greater decentralization of governance activities, now accepted as commonplace in the West, has become a worldwide movement. This international development—largely a product of globalization and democratization—is clearly one of the key factors reshaping economic, political, and social conditions throughout the world. Rather than the top-down, centralized decisionmaking that characterized communist economies and Third World dictatorships in the twentieth century, today's world demands flexibility, adaptability, and the autonomy to bring those qualities to bear. In this thought-provoking book, the first in a new series on Innovations in Governance, experts in government and public management trace the evolution and performance of decentralization concepts, from the transfer of authority within government to the sharing of power, authority, and responsibilities among broader governance institutions. This movement is not limited to national government—it also affects subnational governments, NGOs, private corporations, and even civil associations. The contributors assess the emerging concepts of decentralization (e.g., devolution, empowerment, capacity building, and democratic governance). They detail the factors driving the movement, including political changes such as the fall of the Iron Curtain and the ascendance of democracy; economic factors such as globalization and outsourcing; and technological advances (e.g. increased information technology and electronic commerce). Their analysis covers many different contexts and regions. For example, William Ascher of Claremont McKenna College chronicles how decentralization concepts are playing out in natural resources policy, while Kadmeil Wekwete (United Nations) outlines the specific challenges to decentralizing governance in sub-Saharan Africa. In each case, contributors explore the objectives of a decentralizing strategy as well as the benefits and difficulties that will likely result.

Dissatisfied with centralized approaches to delivering local public services, a large number of countries are decentralizing responsibility for these services to lower-level, locally elected governments. The results have been mixed. The paper provides a framework for evaluating the benefits and costs, in terms of service delivery, of different approaches to decentralization, based on relationships of accountability between different actors in the delivery chain. Moving from a model of central provision to that of decentralization to local governments introduces a new relationship of accountability-between national and local policymakers-while altering existing relationships, such as that between citizens and elected politicians. Only by examining how these relationships change can we understand why decentralization can, and sometimes cannot, lead to better service delivery. In particular, the various instruments of decentralization-fiscal, administrative, regulatory, market, and financial-can affect the incentives facing service providers, even though they relate only to local policymakers. Likewise, and perhaps more significantly, the incentives facing local and national politicians can have a profound effect on the provision of local services. Finally, the process of implementing decentralization can be as important as the design of the system in influencing service delivery outcomes.

Deforestation in Ghana is a research-based analytical study that explains the disconnect between the declared deforestation policy intentions and their outcomes in Ghana. Intended as a case study of the renewable resources policy process in developing economies, this book provides complete information and clarification about the phenomenon of continued deforestation in Ghana in spite of the long history of policies and actions to control it. Author Michael Asante's detailed in-depth analysis of historical, political, economic, and cultural factors and events fully explain the unending destruction of the forests in Ghana. He provides experts, students, and all others with rational, practical answers and recommendations for this lingering problem.

Asian countries have introduced major reforms and new institutional mechanisms in recent years to promote the engagement of elected local governments, civil society, and the private sector. This book examines emerging issues in democratic local governance and factors that influenced the impetus for and the substance of reforms. It asks the following questions: - What have been the challenges in designing and implementing decentralization policies and programs? - What are the constraints on strengthening citizen participation? - Can reforms promote gender and rights perspectives in local governance? - What is the role of local government in service delivery and access? - How effective are the mechanisms for accountability and transparency in local governance? - What are the driving forces influencing democratic local governance reform? The book addresses these questions as it discusses studies from theoretical and comparative perspectives on specific issues as well as myriad cases across Asia, often dealing with country-specific reforms.