The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.

This is an open access book. Homeostasis is upset by stress, which also triggers an adaptive reaction that shields an organism from harm. High allostatic load, on the other hand, might result from excessive stress or stress during a sensitive time, which eventually promotes or hastens maladaptive processes. Adverse childhood experiences, often known as ACEs, are early life stresses that individuals endure and are linked to the development of behavioural abnormalities and psychiatric problems in adulthood. Furthermore, there is evidence that people with early life stress have a more severe illness course and are less receptive to treatment for mood and anxiety disorders like depression. Stress throughout early childhood is linked to a modification of the brain's developmental trajectory, which can result in long-lasting behavioural alterations, but the consequences of stress in adulthood can be temporary and reversible. Behaviour problems brought on by ELS exposure can start in adulthood or during childhood or adolescence. A developing field of research, neuroscience, is expanding quickly. Neurology, psychiatry, and psychology are necessary for a deeper understanding of it. The purpose of this conference is to inform attendees of the most recent developments in the field of neuroscience education. The Faculty of Medicine at Universitas Sumatera Utara is hosting the 6th International Conference on Neuroscience, Neurology, and Psychiatry (ICoNaP) 2023 with the theme "The impact of early life stress on the neuroscience field" for psychiatrists, neurologists, general practitioners, and other interested specialists. Since 2018, ICoNAP has occurred annually. Speakers from many different nations are invited to the conference, both nationally and internationally. The committee has elected speakers from Malaysia, Singapore, Germany, Australia, India, Thailand, the United States, France, and Malaysia over the years. This year's conference will be hosted virtually and will have speakers from Singapore, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, and Singapore. Researchers and specialists in the fields of neuroscience, neurology, and psychiatry can exchange ideas, experiences, and insights during the conference. Case studies and articles will have the opportunity to be published in international publications, and 920 researchers and professionals have so far taken part in previous ICoNAPs. More than 100 articles and case studies have also been released.

Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.

Issues of race permeate virtually every corner of policy creation and implementation in the United States, yet theoretically driven research on interactions of policy, race, and ethnicity rarely offers practical tools that can be readily applied by current and future civil servants, private contractors, or nonprofit boards. Arguing that scholarship can and should inform practice to address issues of equity in public affairs, rather than overlook, ignore, or deny them, Race and Public Administration offers a much-needed and accessible exploration of current and cutting-edge research on race and policy. This book evaluates what contradictions, unanswered questions, and best (or worst) practices exist in conducting and understanding research that can provide evidence-based policy and management guidance to practitioners in the field. Individual chapters are written by established and emerging scholars and explore a wide range of policy areas, including public education, policing, health and access to healthcare, digital governance, nonprofit diversity, and international contexts. Together, the chapters serve as a link between theoretically informed research in public administration and those students and professionals trained to work in the trenches of public administration. This book is ideally suited as a text for courses in schools of public administration, public policy, or nonprofit management, and is required reading for those actively involved in policy analysis, creation, or evaluation. Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Each year more than 4 million children are born with birth defects. This book highlights the unprecedented opportunity to improve the lives of children and families in developing countries by preventing some birth defects and reducing the consequences of others. A number of developing countries with more comprehensive health care systems are making significant progress in the prevention and care of birth defects. In many other developing countries, however, policymakers have limited knowledge of the negative impact of birth defects and are largely unaware of the affordable and effective interventions available to reduce the impact of certain conditions. Reducing Birth Defects: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World includes descriptions of successful programs and presents a plan of action to address critical gaps in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of birth defects in developing countries. This study also recommends capacity building, priority research, and institutional and global efforts to reduce the incidence and impact of birth defects in developing countries.

This guide has been developed jointly by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and is designed for use by all personnel involved in the care of pregnant women, their foetuses, and their neonates.