Since 1995, the noncontact atomic force microscope (NC-AFM) has achieved remarkable progress. Based on nanomechanical methods, the NC-AFM detects the weak attractive force between the tip of a cantilever and a sample surface. This method has the following characteristics: it has true atomic resolution; it can measure atomic force interactions, i.e. it can be used in so-called atomic force spectroscopy (AFS); it can also be used to study insulators; and it can measure mechanical responses such as elastic deformation. This is the first book that deals with all of the emerging NC-AFM issues.

With topics ranging from epitaxy through lattice defects and doping to quantum computation, this book provides a personalized survey of the development and use of silicon, the basis for the revolutionary changes in our lives sometimes called "The Silicon Age." Beginning with the very first developments more than 50 years ago, this reports on all aspects of silicon and silicon technology up to its use in exciting new technologies, including a glance at possible future developments.

On-surface synthesis is appearing as an extremely promising strategy to create organic nanoarchitectures with atomic precision. Molecular building blocks holding adequate functional groups are dosed onto surfaces that support or even drive their covalent linkage. The surface confinement and the frequent lack of solvents (most commonly being performed under vacuum conditions) create a completely new scenario fully complementary to conventional chemistry. In a pedagogical way and based on the most recent developments, this volume presents our current understanding in the field, addressing fundamental reaction mechanisms, synthetic strategies to influence the reactions according to our needs, as well as the ultimate growth and characterization of functional materials. Verging on chemistry, physics and materials science, the book is aimed at students and researchers interested in nanochemistry, surface science, supramolecular materials and molecular devices. Chapters "Mechanistic insights into surface-supported chemical reactions", "Reactivity on and of Graphene Layers: Scanning Probe Microscopy Reviels" and "Bottom-up fabrication of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons" of this book are available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com

4M 2005 - First International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture

This book constitutes invited papers from the First International Workshop on Frontiers in Software Engineering Education, FISEE 2019, which took place during November 11-13, 2019, at the Château de Villebrumier, France. The 25 papers included in this volume were considerably enhanced after the conference and during two different peer-review phases. The contributions cover a wide range of problems in teaching software engineering and are organized in the following sections: Course experience; lessons learnt; curriculum and course design; competitions and workshops; empirical studies, tools and automation; globalization of education; and learning by doing. The final part "TOOLS Workshop: Artificial and Natural Tools (ANT)" contains submissions presented at a different, but related, workshop run at Innopolis University (Russia) in the context of the TOOLS 2019 conference. FISEE 2019 is part of a series of scientific events held at the new LASER center in Villebrumier near Montauban and Toulouse, France.