This is an open access book. Indonesia, as a member of ASEAN, is now facing the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) 2016. The AEC will support the ASEAN’s transformation into a region that guarantees free movement of goods, services, capital, and skilled labors. This will make ASEAN an even more dynamic and competitive region. In preparation for the AEC, the ASEAN member countries have ventured to improve the comparability and connectivity of their TVET systems. As an important component of human resources development, TVET is expected to play an active role in preparing the successful EAC. The implications of technological, economic and social trends are intervening factors that refine pedagogical strategies, leading to the molding of TVET as a more effective platform to catalyze pragmatic approaches to prepare the workforce for the new imperatives of the world of work. Regional integration and harmonization of TVET in the region have become key concerns and at the same time the strength of the ASEAN region. They are considered the overarching interventions needed in TVET to address major issues and challenges.

We are delighted to present the Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovation in Education, Science and Culture (ICIESC) that organized by Research and Community Service Centre of Universitas Negeri Medan (LPPM UNIMED). Proceedings of the 4th ICIESC contains several papers that have presented at the seminar with theme Education and Science in time of uncertainty: Recovering for the Future. This conference was held on 11 October 2022 virtually and become a routine agenda annually. The 4th ICIESC was realized this year with various presenters, lecturers, researchers and students from universities both in and out of Indonesia. The 4th International Conference on Innovation in Education, Science and Culture (ICIESC) 2022 shows up as a Mathematics and Natural Science, Material Science, Physics Education, Biology Education, Chemistry Education, Vocational Education, Applied Sciences-Computers, Multimedia Technology, Applied Mathematics, E-learning system, Applied Sciences-Information Technology, Applied Sciences-Engineering, Social Science and Humanities, Management Innovation and Heritage Culture research platform to gather presentations and discussions of recent achievements by leading researchers in academic research. With the number participants 260 participants, who came from the various national and international universities member, research institute, and academician. There are 181 papers passed through rigorous reviews process and accepted by the committee. All of papers reflect the conference scopes and become the latest trend. It has been our privilege to convene this conference. Our sincere thanks, to the conference organizing committee; to the Program Chairs for their wise advice and brilliant suggestion on organizing the technical program and to the Program Committee for their through and timely reviewing of the papers. Recognition should go to the Local Organizing Committee members who have all worked extremely hard for the details of important aspects of the conference programs and social activities. We welcome you to read this proceeding and hope the reader can find according to your interests and scientific field.

This is an open access book. Indonesia, as a member of ASEAN, is now facing the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) 2016. The AEC will support the ASEAN's transformation into a region that guarantees free movement of goods, services, capital, and skilled labors. This will make ASEAN an even more dynamic and competitive region. In preparation for the AEC, the ASEAN member countries have ventured to improve the comparability and connectivity of their TVET systems. As an important component of human resources development, TVET is expected to play an active role in preparing the successful EAC. The implications of technological, economic and social trends are intervening factors that refine pedagogical strategies, leading to the molding of TVET as a more effective platform to catalyze pragmatic approaches to prepare the workforce for the new imperatives of the world of work. Regional integration and harmonization of TVET in the region have become key concerns and at the same time the strength of the ASEAN region. They are considered the overarching interventions needed in TVET to address major issues and challenges.

-- Dean H. Hepworth, professor emeritus, School of Social Work, Arizona State University

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Blended Learning, ICBL 2020, held in Bangkok, in August 2020. The 33 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 70 submissions. The conference theme of ICBL 2020 is Blended Learning : Education in a Smart Learning Environment. The papers are organized in topical sections named: Blended Learning, Hybrid Learning, Online Learning, Enriched and Smart Learning, Learning Management System and Content and Instructional Design.