From Gauss to G|del, mathematicians have sought an efficient algorithm to distinguish prime numbers from composite numbers. This book presents a random polynomial time algorithm for the problem. The methods used are from arithmetic algebraic geometry, algebraic number theory and analyticnumber theory. In particular, the theory of two dimensional Abelian varieties over finite fields is developed. The book will be of interest to both researchers and graduate students in number theory and theoretical computer science.

With the recent increase in available computing power, new computations are possible in many areas of arithmetic geometry. To name just a few examples, Cremona's tables of elliptic curves now go up to conductor 120,000 instead of just conductor 1,000, tables of Hilbert class fields are known for discriminant up to at least 5,000, and special values of Hilbert and Siegel modular forms can be calculated to extremely high precision. In many cases, these experimental capabilities haveled to new observations and ideas for progress in the field. They have also led to natural algorithmic questions on the feasibility and efficiency of many computations, especially for the purpose of applications in cryptography. The AMS Special Session on Computational Arithmetic Geometry, held onApril 29-30, 2006, in San Francisco, CA, gathered together many of the people currently working on the computational and algorithmic aspects of arithmetic geometry. This volume contains research articles related to talks given at the session. The majority of articles are devoted to various aspects of arithmetic geometry, mainly with a computational approach.

This book is mainly devoted to some computational and algorithmic problems in finite fields such as, for example, polynomial factorization, finding irreducible and primitive polynomials, the distribution of these primitive polynomials and of primitive points on elliptic curves, constructing bases of various types and new applications of finite fields to other areas of mathematics. For completeness we in clude two special chapters on some recent advances and applications of the theory of congruences (optimal coefficients, congruential pseudo-random number gener ators, modular arithmetic, etc.) and computational number theory (primality testing, factoring integers, computation in algebraic number theory, etc.). The problems considered here have many applications in Computer Science, Cod ing Theory, Cryptography, Numerical Methods, and so on. There are a few books devoted to more general questions, but the results contained in this book have not till now been collected under one cover. In the present work the author has attempted to point out new links among different areas of the theory of finite fields. It contains many very important results which previously could be found only in widely scattered and hardly available conference proceedings and journals. In particular, we extensively review results which originally appeared only in Russian, and are not well known to mathematicians outside the former USSR.

The discrete logarithm problem based on elliptic and hyperelliptic curves has gained a lot of popularity as a cryptographic primitive. The main reason is that no subexponential algorithm for computing discrete logarithms on small genus curves is currently available, except in very special cases. Therefore curve-based cryptosystems require much smaller key sizes than RSA to attain the same security level. This makes them particularly attractive for implementations on memory-restricted devices like smart cards and in high-security applications. The Handbook of Elliptic and Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography introduces the theory and algorithms involved in curve-based cryptography. After a very detailed exposition of the mathematical background, it provides ready-to-implement algorithms for the group operations and computation of pairings. It explores methods for point counting and constructing curves with the complex multiplication method and provides the algorithms in an explicit manner. It also surveys generic methods to compute discrete logarithms and details index calculus methods for hyperelliptic curves. For some special curves the discrete logarithm problem can be transferred to an easier one; the consequences are explained and suggestions for good choices are given. The authors present applications to protocols for discrete-logarithm-based systems (including bilinear structures) and explain the use of elliptic and hyperelliptic curves in factorization and primality proving. Two chapters explore their design and efficient implementations in smart cards. Practical and theoretical aspects of side-channel attacks and countermeasures and a chapter devoted to (pseudo-)random number generation round off the exposition. The broad coverage of all- important areas makes this book a complete handbook of elliptic and hyperelliptic curve cryptography and an invaluable reference to anyone interested in this exciting field.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th IMA Conference on Cryptography and Coding held in Cirencester, UK, in December 1999. The 35 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the proceedings. Among the topics covered are error-correcting coding, arithmetic coding for data compression and encryption, image coding, biometric authentication, broadcast channel access, graph and trellis decoding, turbo codes, convolution codes, Reed Solomon codes, elliptic curve cryptography, primality testing, finite-field arithmetic, and cryptographic protocols.

This book summarizes knowledge built up within Hewlett-Packard over a number of years, and explains the mathematics behind practical implementations of elliptic curve systems. Due to the advanced nature of the mathematics there is a high barrier to entry for individuals and companies to this technology. Hence this book will be invaluable not only to mathematicians wanting to see how pure mathematics can be applied but also to engineers and computer scientists wishing (or needing) to actually implement such systems.