Solidly founded on 25 years of research and teaching, the author integrates the salient features of the subdisciplines of computer science into a comprehensive conceptual framework for the design of human-computer interfaces. He combines definitions, models, taxonomies, structures, and techniques with extensive references and citations to provide professors and students of all levels with a text and practical reference.

The 113 papers in this volume cover the following areas: Software Psychology; Learning; Data Bases; Graphics; Dialogue Design; and Expert Systems. A further 88 selected papers are published in a companion volume entitled Work With Computers: Organizational, Management, Stress and Health Aspects edited by M.J. Smith and G. Salvendy. Together, the two volumes address the latest research and application in the human aspects of design and use of computing systems. The entire field of human-computer interaction is covered including the cognitive, social, ergonomic, and health aspects of work with computers. Major advances are addressed in knowledge and effective use of computers in a variety of application areas including offices, financial institutions, manufacturing, electronic publishing, construction, and health care.

At present, object-oriented programming is emerging from the research labora tories and invading into the field of industrial applications. More and more products have been implemented with the aid of object-oriented programming techniques and tools, usually as extensions of traditional languages in hybrid development systems. Some of the better known examples are OSF-Motif, News, Objective-C on the NeXT computer, the C extension C++, and CLOS an object oriented extension of LISP. All of these developments incorporate interactive graphics. Effective object-oriented systems in combination with a graphics kernel does it mean that the field of computer graphics has now become merely an aspect of the object-oriented world? We do not think so. In spite of interesting individual developments, there are still no sound object-oriented graphics sys tems available. If it is desired to develop a complex graphics application embed ded in a window-oriented system then it is still necessary to work with elemen tary tools. What is to be displayed and interactively modified inside a window must be specified with a set of graphics primitives at a low level, or has to be written with a standardized graphics kernel system such as GKS or PHIGS, i. e. , by kernels specified and implemented in a non-object-oriented style. With the terms GKS and PHIGS we enter the world of international graphics standards. GKS and PHIGS constitute systems, not mere collections of graphics primitives.

This book focuses on emerging issues in ergonomics, with a special emphasis on modeling, usability engineering, human computer interaction and innovative design concepts. It presents advanced theories in human factors, cutting-edge applications aimed at understanding and improving human interaction with products and systems, and discusses important usability issues. The book covers a wealth of topics, including devices and user interfaces, virtual reality and digital environments, user and product evaluation, and limits and capabilities of special populations, particularly the elderly population. It presents both new research methods and user-centered evaluation approaches. Based on the AHFE 2016 International Conference on Ergonomics Modeling, Usability and Special Populations, held on July 27-31, 2016, in Walt Disney World®, Florida, USA, the book addresses professionals, researchers, and students dealing with visual and haptic interfaces, user-centered design, and design for special populations, particularly the elderly.

During the last decade, cell phones with multimodal interfaces based on combined new media have become the dominant computer interface worldwide. Multimodal interfaces support mobility and expand the expressive power of human input to computers. They have shifted the fulcrum of human-computer interaction much closer to the human. This book explains the foundation of human-centered multimodal interaction and interface design, based on the cognitive and neurosciences, as well as the major benefits of multimodal interfaces for human cognition and performance. It describes the data-intensive methodologies used to envision, prototype, and evaluate new multimodal interfaces. From a system development viewpoint, this book outlines major approaches for multimodal signal processing, fusion, architectures, and techniques for robustly interpreting users' meaning. Multimodal interfaces have been commercialized extensively for field and mobile applications during the last decade. Research also is growing rapidly in areas like multimodal data analytics, affect recognition, accessible interfaces, embedded and robotic interfaces, machine learning and new hybrid processing approaches, and similar topics. The expansion of multimodal interfaces is part of the long-term evolution of more expressively powerful input to computers, a trend that will substantially improve support for human cognition and performance. Table of Contents: Preface: Intended Audience and Teaching with this Book / Acknowledgments / Introduction / Definition and Typre of Multimodal Interface / History of Paradigm Shift from Graphical to Multimodal Interfaces / Aims and Advantages of Multimodal Interfaces / Evolutionary, Neuroscience, and Cognitive Foundations of Multimodal Interfaces / Theoretical Foundations of Multimodal Interfaces / Human-Centered Design of Multimodal Interfaces / Multimodal Signal Processing, Fusion, and Architectures / Multimodal Language, Semantic Processing, and Multimodal Integration / Commercialization of Multimodal Interfaces / Emerging Multimodal Research Areas, and Applications / Beyond Multimodality: Designing More Expressively Powerful Interfaces / Conclusions and Future Directions / Bibliography / Author Biographies