Focusing on the prolonged period of political violence in Egypt during 1910-1925 this text analyses the circumstances that led to the violence, and examines the moods and motives that provoked it.

The murder of the Prime Minister, Butrus Ghali, in February 1910, was the first incident of its kind to take place in Egypt for over a century, and it reflected the mood of Egypt's youth at the time. It also set a precedent, as some of the more extreme elements of the population henceforth came to regard assassination as the only way to rid the country of those who were regarded as 'traitors', and as the most potent expression of political dissatisfaction and dissent. This study is an account of the circumstances that led to the violence, and an attempt to understand the mood and motives that provoked it.

The first book offering an extensive analysis of literary and cinematic narratives dealing with the 1919 anti-colonial revolution in Egypt.

Examines how popular media and culture provided ordinary Egyptians with a framework to construct and negotiate a modern national identity.

The aim of this book is to provide readers with the tools to understand the historical evolution of terrorism and counterterrorism over the past 150 years. In order to appreciate the contemporary challenges posed by terrorism it is necessary to look at its evolution, at the different phases it has gone through, and the transformations it has experienced. The same applies to the solutions that states have come up with to combat terrorism: the nature of terrorism changes but still it is possible to learn from past experiences even though they are not directly applicable to the present. This book provides a fresh look at the history of terrorism by providing in-depth analysis of several important terrorist crises and the reactions to them in the West and beyond. The general framework is laid out in four parts: terrorism prior to the Cold War, the Western experience with terrorism, non-Western experiences with terrorism, and contemporary terrorism and anti-terrorism. The issues covered offer a broad range of historical and current themes, many of which have been neglected in existing scholarship; it also features a chapter on the waves phenomenon of terrorism against its international background. This book will be of much interest to students of terrorism studies, political violence, international history, security studies and IR.

This book covers the tenure of Kitchener as Proconsul in Egypt in the years preceding the First World War. Based mostly on unpublished sources – including government records and private papers – it not only fills a gap in the life and career of Kitchener, the most famous soldier in Britain since Wellington, but it also deals with an important but practically unknown period in Egyptian history. George Cassar shows Kitchener to be an ardent imperialist, but one who had a sense of responsibility to the country he governed. Exchanging his field marshal’s uniform for the dress of a statesman, he arrived in Egypt when British prestige was at a low point on account of his predecessor’s policies. He restored political stability, created conditions that bolstered the economy, and introduced a wave of reforms. Kitchener as Proconsul of Egypt, 1911-1914 reveals how Kitchener’s interest extended beyond Egypt, and how throughout these years he worked quietly to prepare the ground in an attempt to create an Arab Empire under Britain’s suzerainty.

Long tells the story of four proconsuls (McMahon, Wingate, Allenby and Lloyd), their principal opponent, Sa'ad Zaghul, and the great events of the time: the rise of the WAFD party, the uprising of 1919, the murder of Sir Lee Stack and the Allenby ultimatum.