In this paper differences and anomalies in west coast seasonal flow structures have been highlighted. In particular, it was emphasized that flow off Washington has significant differences from that of Oregon; namely, during summer, flow at mid-shelf is more poleward off Washington, and during winter, flow on the inner-shelf is more equatorward off Washington than off Oregon. The former result may be related to the poleward decrease in the longshelf wind stress; the latter result may be related to the presence of the Columbia River plume. Off southern California the near-surface flow over the shelf is more persistently equatorward than that off Washington . Conversely, the flow over the slope in the upper 100 m of the water column is more persistently poleward than that off washington. Also, the undercurrent structure, that is, a subsurface maximum, is maintained at least from summer to early winter off southern California (no data are yet available from spring), but only during summer and early fall off washington. We note that the seasonal cycle of vertical shear in the two locations is similar, although a reversal in sign sometimes occurs off Washington. ACKNOWLEDGEMZNTS This work was supported by the Department of Energy under Grant DE-FG05-85ER60333t4 and by the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE 86-01058#1. 175 From: Adriana Huyer, College of Oceanography, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. On: Review and Commentary to paper POLEWARD FLOW NEAR TRE NORTRERH AND SOU'l'BERH BOONDARIES OF TRE U. S. WEST COAST, by Barbara Hickey.

In this paper differences and anomalies in west coast seasonal flow structures have been highlighted. In particular, it was emphasized that flow off Washington has significant differences from that of Oregon; namely, during summer, flow at mid-shelf is more poleward off Washington, and during winter, flow on the inner-shelf is more equatorward off Washington than off Oregon. The former result may be related to the poleward decrease in the longshelf wind stress; the latter result may be related to the presence of the Columbia River plume. Off southern California the near-surface flow over the shelf is more persistently equatorward than that off Washington . Conversely, the flow over the slope in the upper 100 m of the water column is more persistently poleward than that off washington. Also, the undercurrent structure, that is, a subsurface maximum, is maintained at least from summer to early winter off southern California (no data are yet available from spring), but only during summer and early fall off washington. We note that the seasonal cycle of vertical shear in the two locations is similar, although a reversal in sign sometimes occurs off Washington. ACKNOWLEDGEMZNTS This work was supported by the Department of Energy under Grant DE-FG05-85ER60333t4 and by the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE 86-01058#1. 175 From: Adriana Huyer, College of Oceanography, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. On: Review and Commentary to paper POLEWARD FLOW NEAR TRE NORTRERH AND SOU'l'BERH BOONDARIES OF TRE U. S. WEST COAST, by Barbara Hickey.

Mean currents and density were measured off Point Sur, California in March 1989 using Pegasus and CTD instruments. Velocity, temperature, salinity, and density fields are examined to discern the structure of the California and Davidson currents. Velocities measured by Pegasus are compared to flow fields derived from geostrophy. The Davidson Current flows poleward at the surface in its winter configuration despite northerly winds and coastal upwelling which normally drive the flow subsurface in the summer months.

This book compiles the main findings of the multidisciplinary long-term research program developed in the continental margin of one of the more productive and unknown areas of the world oceans, Northwest Africa. The more than 25,000 preserved fishes and benthic invertebrates and quantitative data collected in 342 trawling stations, the 267 oceanographic profiles, the 211 sediment samples and the 28,122 km2 prospected by multi˗beam echo sounding allowed to obtain an overview of the amazing biodiversity of the demersal and benthic fauna inhabiting soft- and hard-bottom habitats, as well as the fascinating geomorphology and oceanography, hidden in the Mauritanian slope.

In this chapter, we review the physical processes that create the mean and variable circulation features along the eastern margins of the ocean basins. Rather than describing the individual systems, we describe the processes and their variability between the systems, dividing the discussion into the low-, mid- and high-latitude regions. We start with the low latitudes, since their signals often move poleward along the coastal wave guides into the midlatitudes, which are the well-known eastern boundary upwelling systems. Our treatment of the higher latitudes is limited to examples from the better-studied NE Pacific Basin (The Alaska Current).

Upwelling systems are special places in the oceans where nutrient-enriched water is brought into the euphotic zone to fuel phytoplankton blooms that, via marine food-web interactions, create the world’s richest fish resources. This book introduces the reader to the interdisciplinary science of upwelling and provides a comprehensive overview of the world’s most productive marine ecosystems in the context of climate variability, climate change and human exploitation. This material presented is suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate study or just for anyone interested to learn about the creation of life in the oceans and how this is compromised by human activities.

The book represents all the knowledge we currently have on ocean circulation. It presents an up-to-date summary of the state of the science relating to the role of the oceans in the physical climate system. The book is structured to guide the reader through the wide range of world ocean circulation experiment (WOCE) science in a consistent way. Cross-references between contributors have been added, and the book has a comprehensive index and unified reference list. The book is simple to read, at the undergraduate level. It was written by the best scientists in the world who have collaborated to carry out years of experiments to better understand ocean circulation. - Presents in situ and remote observations with worldwide coverage - Provides theoretical understanding of processes within the ocean and at its boundaries to other Earth System components - Allows for simulating ocean and climate processes in the past, present and future using a hierarchy of physical-biogeochemical models