Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,7, University of Erfurt (Philosophische Fakultät - Fachbereich Anglistik), course: Intercultural Communications, language: English, abstract: "Idioms, the colourful side of languages, are one of the symbols used while we are communicating our thoughts and feelings. They are used to give life and richness to the language by taking the existing words, combining them in a new sense, and creating new meanings, just like a work of art." (LEN-NON, 1998, cited in BULUT; ÇELIK-YAZICI, 2004: 105) This combination of existing words "like a work of art" represents a huge challenge for non-native speakers they have to cope with in their language learning process. In the context of intercultural communication, non-native and native speakers interact with each other and often make use of idioms and other fixed expressions as "the colourful side of languages", because they are used to it from their usual communication in their first languages. However, these fixed expressions constitute a special part of the language use due to particular characteristics, which will be explored further in this term paper. Consequently, communication between non-native and native speakers does not always runs smoothly when phraseological language comes into play. Amongst others, the cultural boundedness as well as native-like creative exploitations of the fixed expressions represent probable causes for misunderstandings. These aspects will be presented hereafter. Given the limited space of this term paper, the focus is on communication between non-native and native speakers. Phenomenon connected to the phraseological language in a lingua franca setting cannot be examined further. Within the scope of intercultural communication, contrastive linguistics is one approach towards interactions across language borders. "Contrastive linguistics focuses on pairs of languages and explores similar

Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,7, University of Erfurt (Philosophische Fakultät - Fachbereich Anglistik), course: Intercultural Communications, language: English, abstract: “Idioms, the colourful side of languages, are one of the symbols used while we are communicating our thoughts and feelings. They are used to give life and richness to the language by taking the existing words, combining them in a new sense, and creating new meanings, just like a work of art.” (LEN-NON, 1998, cited in BULUT; ÇELIK-YAZICI, 2004: 105) This combination of existing words “like a work of art” represents a huge challenge for non-native speakers they have to cope with in their language learning process. In the context of intercultural communication, non-native and native speakers interact with each other and often make use of idioms and other fixed expressions as “the colourful side of languages”, because they are used to it from their usual communication in their first languages. However, these fixed expressions constitute a special part of the language use due to particular characteristics, which will be explored further in this term paper. Consequently, communication between non-native and native speakers does not always runs smoothly when phraseological language comes into play. Amongst others, the cultural boundedness as well as native-like creative exploitations of the fixed expressions represent probable causes for misunderstandings. These aspects will be presented hereafter. Given the limited space of this term paper, the focus is on communication between non-native and native speakers. Phenomenon connected to the phraseological language in a lingua franca setting cannot be examined further. Within the scope of intercultural communication, contrastive linguistics is one approach towards interactions across language borders. “Contrastive linguistics focuses on pairs of languages and explores similarities and differences between them.” (KRZESZOWSKI, 1991: 10) In the tradition of contrastive linguistics, the second part of this term paper focuses on the contrastive description of the phraseological language of two different languages, namely German and English. The collection of phraseological units (PUs) is narrowed down to facilitate the comparison. PUs, whose source domain originates either from the concept ‘FIRE’ or from the concept ‘WATER’, are chosen for this comparison. However, in order to set the frame for the examination of different PUs, it is important to look at some theoretical foundations on the topic of phraseological language first.

This unique volume showcases the best presentations of the international conference “Phraseology in Multilingual Society” held at Kazan Federal University, Russia, in August 2013. The twenty-seven essays included here represent different research efforts by specialists in phraseology from around the world. The book reflects numerous different aspects of phraseological research, including those from semantic, pragmatic, and comparative fields of study. Furthermore, the volume also presents an investigation of some practical problems of paremiology and phraseography.

This book is the second in a three-volume set that celebrates the career and achievements of Cliff Goddard, a pioneer of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach in linguistics. It focuses on meaning and culture, with sections on "Words as Carriers of Cultural Meaning" and "Understanding Discourse in Cultural Context". Often considered the most fully developed, comprehensive and practical approach to cross-linguistic and cross-cultural semantics, Natural Semantic Metalanguage is based on evidence that there is a small core of basic, universal meanings (semantic primes) that can be expressed in all languages. It has been used for linguistic and cultural analysis in such diverse fields as semantics, cross-cultural communication, language teaching, humour studies and applied linguistics, and has reached far beyond the boundaries of linguistics into ethnopsychology, anthropology, history, political science, the medical humanities and ethics.

Bringing together current research, theories and methods from leading scholars in the field, this volume is a state-of-the-art study of intercultural communication competence and effectiveness. In the first part, contributors analyze the conceptual decisions made in intercultural communication competence research by examining decisions regarding conceptualization, operationalization, research design and sampling. The second part presents four different theoretical orientations while illustrating how each person's theoretical bias directs the focus of research. Lastly, both quantitative and qualitative research approaches used in studying intercultural communication competence are examined.

Rather like the nerves in human body, communication forms the sinew and tendon of any social body. The quality of everyday life is not only affected by the way we design our work and institutions, but also (perhaps more importantly) by the way we interact and communicate with each other. This booklet attempts to help its readers to become more effective oral communicators in various scenarios. Every chapter in this booklet is largely divided into three parts: (1) reflective and motivational quotations, (2) guidelines for communication in a certain context, and (3) versatile phrases for that context. The quotations are intended to emotionally and philosophically motivate the readers to strive for better communication. The guidelines are intended to cognitively guide the readers in their communication practices. And the versatile phrases are intended to logistically supply for the readers' communication practices.

Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Communications - Intercultural Communication, grade: 1,5, Lund University (Psychologie), course: Intercultural Communication, language: English, abstract: There is no day passing by, on which the daily news report about fights, terror attacks, political disagreements and religious struggles. The heritage of all these incidents often derive from minor conflicts and misunderstandings but are able to lead to death, sufferings and wars. This caricature was drawn by a Danish artist and caused a huge intercultural conflict. The picture was also published in newspaper all over Europe and caused protests in the Arabic world. $OWKRXJK WKHQHZVSDSHU3-\OODQGs-3RVWHQ ́DSRORJL]HG IRU WKHLQVXOWZRPHQ protested against the publication and mad students burned Danish flags. 7KLVZDVDW\SLFDO LQWHUFXOWXUDOFRQIOLFWEHFDXVHERWKVLGHVGLGQ¶WNQRZPXFKDERXW typical traditions, ideologies and habits of each country. In the Moslem world its not allowed and a death-sin to portray Allah and his prophet Mohammed. Although in non-Moslem countries it is ok to do so, most Moslems felt deep insulted by that action and demanded a punishment for the paper. Another consequence was several bomb threats by anonymous callers. This is just one example on how misunderstandings can lead to problems that involve different parts of the world. The pope caused another case, where he quoted the emperor Manuel II Palaiologos saying that the prophet Mohammed just brought bad and inhuman things, by using the sword to spread his believe. Once again the Moslem world was upset and protesting, even pope-dolls where burned. The pope apologized and said that his uttering was misunderstood. This is just one more incident that caused conflict and harm between cultures and religions. Only one sentence said wrong in front of a specific audience has the power to cause protest and struggle. But conflict could also be considered to be constructive and helping to create a better state of a relationship. Therefore conflicts are not only inevitable, they really are healthy and necessary. Most of the times, the cause of conflicts are just little and almost invisible incidents during our daily communication with others. Although these conflicts are inevitable in our everyday life, they easily can escalate and rise to huge problems. The main explanation for this, are cultural and ethnic differences in how a situation is perceived and handled. This paper is supposed to give a short overview of what a conflict is, which styles of conflicts there are and how to deal with them as well as a brief summary including our personal opinions.