This paper investigates the response of consumer price inflation to changes in domestic fuel prices, looking at the different categories of the overall consumer price index (CPI). We then combine household survey data with the CPI components to construct a CPI index for the poorest and richest income quintiles with the view to assess the distributional impact of the pass-through. To undertake this analysis, the paper provides an update to the Global Monthly Retail Fuel Price Database, expanding the product coverage to premium and regular fuels, the time dimension to December 2020, and the sample to 190 countries. Three key findings stand out. First, the response of inflation to gasoline price shocks is smaller, but more persistent and broad-based in developing economies than in advanced economies. Second, we show that past studies using crude oil prices instead of retail fuel prices to estimate the pass-through to inflation significantly underestimate it. Third, while the purchasing power of all households declines as fuel prices increase, the distributional impact is progressive. But the progressivity phases out within 6 months after the shock in advanced economies, whereas it persists beyond a year in developing countries.

The Petroleum Marketing Monthly (PMM) provides information and statistical data on a variety of crude oils and refi ned petroleum products. The publication presents statistics on crude oil costs and refi ned petroleum products sales for use by industry, government, private sector analysts, educational institutions, and consumers. Data on crude oil include the domestic fi rst purchase price, the f.o.b. and landed cost of imported crude oil, and the refi ners' acquisition cost of crude oil. Refi ned petroleum product sales data include motor gasoline, distillates, residuals, aviation fuels, kerosene, and propane. The Offi ce of Petroleum and Biofuels Statistics, U.S. Energy Information Administration ensures the accuracy, quality, and confi dentiality of the published data in the Petroleum Marketing Monthly. Scope of data The data within the Petroleum Marketing Monthly are compiled from fi ve Energy Information Administration (EIA) survey forms. The crude oil statistics are calculated from data collected on the following three survey forms: Form EIA-182, "Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Report"; Form EIA-856, "Monthly Foreign Crude Oil Acquisition Report"; and Form EIA- 14, "Refi ners' Monthly Cost Report." The statistics on petroleum product sales prices and volumes are derived from Form EIA-782A, "Refi ners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report." The data presented in Tables 45 to 47 are derived from aggregations of data from Form EIA-782C, "Monthly Report of Prime Supplier Sales of Petroleum Products Sold for Local Consumption." Sections Monthly statistics on purchases of crude oil and sales of petroleum products are presented in the Petroleum Marketing Monthly in six sections: - Highlights - Summary Statistics - Crude Oil Prices - Prices of Petroleum Products - Volumes of Petroleum Products - Prime Supplier Sales Volumes of Petroleum Products for Local Consumption. The publication highlights salient statistics for the United States in the Summary Statistics section. More detailed geographic coverage occurs in the other four sections. Geographic coverage for crude oil includes country of origin for foreign crude and Petroleum Administration for Defense (PAD) Districts and individual States for domestic crude oil. Geographic coverage of the petroleum products includes PAD Districts and individual States. Detailed statistics for crude oil, including the price of imported crude oil by country of origin, by gravity, and by crude stream, can be found in the Crude Oil Prices section. PAD District and/or State-level statistics for petroleum products are presented in the Prices, Volumes, and Prime Supplier Sales of Petroleum Products sections. To aid the reader in determining the market changes, the majority of the tables show data for the report month and previous month for the current year, and the report month for the previous year.