This book provides a fresh, in-depth examination of the Revival of 1857-58, a widespread religious awakening most famous for urban prayer meetings in major metropolitan centers across the United States. Often mentioned in religious history texts and articles but overshadowed by scholarly attention to the first and second "Great Awakenings," the revival has lacked a critical, book-length analysis. This study will help to fill this gap and to place the event within the context of Protestant revival traditions in America. The Revival of 1857-58 was a multifaceted religious movement that Long suggests may have been the closest thing to a truly national revival in American history. The awakening marked the coming together of formalist and populist evangelical groups, particularly in urban areas, and helped to create the beginnings of a transdenominational religious identity among middle-class American evangelicals. Long explores the revival from various angles, emphasizing the importance of historiography and examining the way Calvinist clergy and the editors of the daily press canonized particular versions of the revival story, most notably its role in the history of great awakenings and its character as a masculine "businessmen's revival." She gives attention to grassroots perspectives on the awakening and also pursues wider social and cultural questions, including whether the revival actually affected evangelical involvement in social reform. The book combines insights from contemporary scholarship concerning revivals, women's history, and nineteenth-century mass print with extensive primary source research. The result is a clearly written study that blends careful description with nuanced analysis.

The result is a fascinating picture of the struggle and ultimate failure of the movement - a loss, Butler shows, not to the ritualist opponents against whom they struggled for the better part of the century, but to the liberal forces of the secularized twentieth century.

This book addresses the religious life of Philadelphia, watches as revivalists come and go from 1828 to 1876, and examines the impact of revivals in the city. Mass revivalism was touted as the solution to cities' social problems, so the account of the close relationship between the YMCA movement and revivalism is appreciated. Meanwhile, America's middle-class evangelical majority, caught in the web of an individualistic ideology, persisted in ignoring the destruction of "community" as the cities grew in complexity, anonymity, and ethnic and class divisiveness. While depending rather too heavily on a "great man" approach to revivalism in Philadelphia, in confirming in a very specific, well-documented manner the inconsistencies in revivalistic preaching and the gap between goals, means, and ends in urban mass evangelism, this work is a significant contribution to the study of American religious history.

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