Paradigms of Concurrency: Observations, Behaviours, and Systems - a Petri Net View - Ryszard Janicki (McMaster University, CA) Jetty Kleijn (Leiden University, NL) Maciej Koutny (Newcastle University, UK) Lukasz Mikulski (Nicolaus Copernicus University, PL) Concurrency can be studied at different yet consistent levels of abstraction: from individual behavioural observations via more abstract concurrent histories that can be represented by causality structures capturing invariant dependencies between executed actions, to system level constructs such as Petri nets or process algebra expressions. Histories can then be understood as sets of closely related observations. Depending on the nature of the observed relationships between executed actions involved in a single concurrent history, one may identify different concurrency paradigms underpinned by different kinds of causality structures such as partial orders. This book studies fundamental mathematical abstractions to capture and relate observations, histories, and systems. In particular, taking a Petri net view, we present system models fitting various concurrency paradigms and their associated causality structures.

Paradigms of Concurrency: Observations, Behaviours, and Systems - a Petri Net View - Ryszard Janicki (McMaster University, CA) Jetty Kleijn (Leiden University, NL) Maciej Koutny (Newcastle University, UK) Lukasz Mikulski (Nicolaus Copernicus University, PL) Concurrency can be studied at different yet consistent levels of abstraction: from individual behavioural observations via more abstract concurrent histories that can be represented by causality structures capturing invariant dependencies between executed actions, to system level constructs such as Petri nets or process algebra expressions. Histories can then be understood as sets of closely related observations. Depending on the nature of the observed relationships between executed actions involved in a single concurrent history, one may identify different concurrency paradigms underpinned by different kinds of causality structures such as partial orders. This book studies fundamental mathematical abstractions to capture and relate observations, histories, and systems. In particular, taking a Petri net view, we present system models fitting various concurrency paradigms and their associated causality structures.

A definitive guide to mastering and implementing concurrency patterns in your applications Key FeaturesBuild scalable apps with patterns in multithreading, synchronization, and functional programmingExplore the parallel programming and multithreading techniques to make the code run fasterEfficiently use the techniques outlined to build reliable applicationsBook Description Selecting the correct concurrency architecture has a significant impact on the design and performance of your applications. This book explains how to leverage the different characteristics of parallel architecture to make your code faster and more efficient. To start with, you'll understand the basic concurrency concepts and explore patterns around explicit locking, lock free programming, futures & actors. Then, you'll get insights into different concurrency models and parallel algorithms and put them to practice in different scenarios to realize your application's true potential. We'll take you through multithreading design patterns, such as master, slave, leader, follower, map-reduce, and monitor, also helping you to learn hands-on coding using these patterns. Once you've grasped all of this, you'll move on to solving problems using synchronizer patterns. You'll discover the rationale for these patterns in distributed & parallel applications, followed by studying how future composition, immutability and the monadic flow help create more robust code. Toward the end of the book, you'll learn about the actor paradigm and actor patterns - the message passing concurrency paradigm. What you will learnExplore parallel architecture Get acquainted with concurrency models Internalize design themes by implementing multithreading patterns Get insights into concurrent design patterns Discover design principles behind many java threading abstractions Work with functional concurrency patternsWho this book is for This is a must-have guide for developers who want to learn patterns to build scalable and high-performing apps. It’s assumed that you already have a decent level of programming knowledge.

Offers information on how to exploit the parallel architectures in a computer's GPU to improve code performance, scalability, and resilience.

CSP notation has been used extensively for teaching and applying concurrency theory, ever since the publication of the text Communicating Sequential Processes by C.A.R. Hoare in 1985. Both a programming language and a specification language, the theory of CSP helps users to understand concurrent systems, and to decide whether a program meets its specification. As a member of the family of process algebras, the concepts of communication and interaction are presented in an algebraic style. An invaluable reference on the state of the art in CSP, Understanding Concurrent Systems also serves as a comprehensive introduction to the field, in addition to providing material for a number of more advanced courses. A first point of reference for anyone wanting to use CSP or learn about its theory, the book also introduces other views of concurrency, using CSP to model and explain these. The text is fully integrated with CSP-based tools such as FDR, and describes how to create new tools based on FDR. Most of the book relies on no theoretical background other than a basic knowledge of sets and sequences. Sophisticated mathematical arguments are avoided whenever possible. Topics and features: presents a comprehensive introduction to CSP; discusses the latest advances in CSP, covering topics of operational semantics, denotational models, finite observation models and infinite-behaviour models, and algebraic semantics; explores the practical application of CSP, including timed modelling, discrete modelling, parameterised verifications and the state explosion problem, and advanced topics in the use of FDR; examines the ability of CSP to describe and enable reasoning about parallel systems modelled in other paradigms; covers a broad variety of concurrent systems, including combinatorial, timed, priority-based, mobile, shared variable, statecharts, buffered and asynchronous systems; contains exercises and case studies to support the text; supplies further tools and information at the associated website: http://www.comlab.ox.ac.uk/ucs/. From undergraduate students of computer science in need of an introduction to the area, to researchers and practitioners desiring a more in-depth understanding of theory and practice of concurrent systems, this broad-ranging text/reference is essential reading for anyone interested in Hoare’s CSP.

Teaching the science and the technology of programming as a unified discipline that shows the deep relationships between programming paradigms. This innovative text presents computer programming as a unified discipline in a way that is both practical and scientifically sound. The book focuses on techniques of lasting value and explains them precisely in terms of a simple abstract machine. The book presents all major programming paradigms in a uniform framework that shows their deep relationships and how and where to use them together. After an introduction to programming concepts, the book presents both well-known and lesser-known computation models ("programming paradigms"). Each model has its own set of techniques and each is included on the basis of its usefulness in practice. The general models include declarative programming, declarative concurrency, message-passing concurrency, explicit state, object-oriented programming, shared-state concurrency, and relational programming. Specialized models include graphical user interface programming, distributed programming, and constraint programming. Each model is based on its kernel language—a simple core language that consists of a small number of programmer-significant elements. The kernel languages are introduced progressively, adding concepts one by one, thus showing the deep relationships between different models. The kernel languages are defined precisely in terms of a simple abstract machine. Because a wide variety of languages and programming paradigms can be modeled by a small set of closely related kernel languages, this approach allows programmer and student to grasp the underlying unity of programming. The book has many program fragments and exercises, all of which can be run on the Mozart Programming System, an Open Source software package that features an interactive incremental development environment.