This dissertation examines the problem of concurrency control in collaborative editing, both synchronous and asynchronous. Change orientation is identified as a key strategy to address undo, offline operation, and merging of variants.This book defines a new, change-oriented model for collaborative updating of sequences, particularly suited to the problem of collaborative text editing. The model, Palimpsest, addresses document locations in terms of the operations that affect them. A new distinction is introduced between dynamic editing operations, which share structure between different versions of a document, and static operations which accurately represent state changes, but are not updated when other operations are undone. Palimpsest provides a model of the effects of non-sequential undo and merge for the dynamic operations sequence operations move and copy. These operations have not been supported in previous models of concurrent update.

Looks at this US firm's portfolio of work and includes colour photography and critical essays.

The 'Palimpsests' volume will contain thirteen chapters divided into five sections. The first section consists on a single overview study by Finbarr Barry Flood that addresses recognizing palimpsests in architectural contexts. The second section, entitled Monuments Inscribed, contains three studies that take what might be called a traditional approach. Each of them examines textual palimpsests added to the interior and exterior of buildings well after the completion of their construction. The third section, entitled Building Transformations, contains three studies that each present the palimpsestual transformation of built architecture. These studies address the transformation of either the original monument or the palimpsestual addition to it. The fourth section, called Site Transformations, considers how a palimpsest is used to transform not a single building, but rather a site as a whole. The final section, entitled Restoration and Rewriting, looks critically at the role of restoration as a process of rewriting in the remaking of older architectural monuments. The Palimpsests volume concludes with summary remarks and outlines directions for future research into monuments and sites as palimpsests, emphasizing the longue duree biography as the primary mode for monument and site studies.

Palimpsests are texts from which the primary text has been effaced to make room for fresh writing. The practice was particularly important in the early Middle Ages, when numerous, often precious, books were subjected to this treatment. As a result, many ancient texts lay hidden in European libraries for centuries. Ever since the first palimpsests were discovered in the seventeenth century, scholars have been fascinated by the possibility of discovering hitherto unknown texts. For a long time, the lower script of palimpsests could only be brought back to the light of day through the use of chemical reagents that proved very detrimental to the manuscripts. The great advance away from these destructive techniques came at the beginning of the twentieth century with the application of ultra-violet photography. Today, striking advances in this field are again being made with the development of digital imaging. The contributions in this volume focus mainly on the cultural evidence offered by palimpsests from the early Middle Ages. Some contributors have examined particular manuscripts in great detail (the London palimpsest of Jerome's Chronicle or the Munich palimpsest codex from Benediktbeuern); others have looked at specific types of texts that have suffered deletion in this way (liturgical palimpsests, Carolingian letters). The volume also contains a handlist of all known palimpsested manuscripts in Beneventan script.

The metaphor of the palimpsest has been increasingly invoked to conceptualize cities with deep, living pasts. This volume seeks to think through, and beyond, the logic of the palimpsest, asking whether this fashionable trope slyly forces us to see contradiction where local inhabitants saw (and see) none, to impose distinctions that satisfy our own assumptions about historical periodization and cultural practice, but which bear little relation to the experience of ancient, medieval or early modern persons. Spanning the period from Constantine’s foundation of a New Rome in the fourth century to the contemporary aftermath of the Lebanese civil war, this book integrates perspectives from scholars typically separated by the disciplinary boundaries of late antique, Islamic, medieval, Byzantine, Ottoman and modern Middle Eastern studies, but whose work is united by their study of a region characterized by resilience rather than rupture. The volume includes an introduction and eighteen contributions from historians, archaeologists and art historians who explore the historical and cultural complexity of eastern Mediterranean cities. The authors highlight the effects of the multiple antiquities imagined and experienced by persons and groups who for generations made these cities home, and also by travelers and other observers who passed through them. The independent case studies are bound together by a shared concern to understand the many ways in which the cities’ pasts live on in their presents.