Organic Mechanochemistry and Its Practical Applications gathers physical and organic chemistry-based molecular principles, evolving interpretations of scientific data, and real world applications to demonstrate the synthetic advantages of mechanically initiated organic reactions. This book considers transformations of organic substances upon mechanical actions and explains how mechanical energy is transformed into chemical driving force. The author, a renowned expert in physical and organic chemistry, carefully examines the concurrent chemical and physical processes—particularly polymerization and dynamic shearing—that involve organic substances and inorganic surfaces during lubrication. Dr. Todres discusses the various factors that affect boundary lubrication, such as material properties, chemical reactivity, pressure, and temperature. The book describes conformational transformations and structural phase transitions of organic molecules and working materials that take place under mechanical forces, such as drilling, grinding, friction, and shearing, and shock-waves. Other key topics include mechanochromism, tribopolymerization, mechanical activation of organic reactions, and the peculiarities of catalytic effects in organic mechanochemistry. Throughout the text, the author highlights novel technical applications of mechanochemical phenomena in a variety of fields, including lubrication, biomedical engineering, pharmaceutical drug formulation, environmental protection, and practical economy. Organic Mechanochemistry and Its Practical Applications reveals how mechanochemistry was inspired by principles in various disciplines to create innovative approaches for current challenges in these fields.

Mechanochemical Organic Synthesis is a comprehensive reference that not only synthesizes the current literature but also offers practical protocols that industrial and academic scientists can immediately put to use in their daily work. Increasing interest in green chemistry has led to the development of numerous environmentally-friendly methodologies for the synthesis of organic molecules of interest. Amongst the green methodologies drawing attention, mechanochemistry is emerging as a promising method to circumvent the use of toxic solvents and reagents as well as to increase energy efficiency. The development of synthetic strategies that require less, or the minimal, amount of energy to carry out a specific reaction with optimum productivity is of vital importance for large-scale industrial production. Experimental procedures at room temperature are the mildest reaction conditions (essentially required for many temperature-sensitive organic substrates as a key step in multi-step sequence reactions) and are the core of mechanochemical organic synthesis. This green synthetic method is now emerging in a very progressive manner and until now, there is no book that reviews the recent developments in this area. - Features cutting-edge research in the field of mechanochemical organic synthesis for more sustainable reactions - Integrates advances in green chemistry research into industrial applications and process development - Focuses on designing techniques in organic synthesis directed toward mild reaction conditions - Includes global coverage of mechanochemical synthetic protocols for the generation of organic compounds

Consolidating knowledge from a number of disciplines, Ion-Radical Organic Chemistry: Principles and Applications, Second Edition presents the recent changes that have occurred in the field since the publication of the first edition in 2003. This volume examines the formation, transformation, and application of ion-radicals in typical conditions of organic synthesis. Avoiding complex mathematics, the author explains the principles of ion-radical organic chemistry and presents an overview of organic ion-radical reactions. He reviews methods of determining ion-radical mechanisms and controlling ion-radical reactions. Wherever applicable, the text addresses issues relating to ecology and biomedical concerns as well as inorganic participants of the ion-radical organic reactions. After reviewing the nature of organic ion-radicals and their ground-state electronic structure, the book discusses their formation, the relationship between electronic structure and reactivity, mechanism and regulation of reactions, stereochemical aspects, synthetic opportunities, and practical applications. Additional topics include electronic and opto-electronic devices, organic magnets and conductors, lubricants, other materials, and reactions of industrial or biomedical importance. The book concludes by providing an outlook on possible future development in this field. Researchers and practitioners engaged in active work on synthetic or mechanistic organic chemistry and its practical applications will find this text to be invaluable in both its scope and its depth.

This book focuses on the triboemission of low-energy electrons from the freshly generated surface. These electrons play the most crucial role in the chemical reactions at the tribological interface. New models and TIP (thermodymanics of irreversible processes) describe in detail the behavior of emitted electrons which lower the activation energy of the chemical reactions. This book also highlights tribocatalysis phenomena as examples of the lowering of the activation energy. A book titled Tribocatalysis has never been published before this.

Explaining methods for carrying out chemical syntheses without the use of catalysts, this book shows how avoiding catalysts during synthesis can mean less use of toxic chemicals, environmentally damaging chemicals, or endangered elements, and lower costs.

The main goal in preparing this book was to publish contemporary concepts, new discoveries and innovative ideas in the field of surface engineering, predominantly for the technical applications, as well as in the field of production engineering and to stress some problems connected with the use of various surface processes in modern manufacturing of different purpose machine parts. This book is an attempt to introduce science into the study of surface treatment processes. Tribology offers a good approach for describing abrasive machining and coating processes and offers the ability to predict some of the outputs of the processes. The study of friction, forces, and energy explores the importance of the various factors which govern the stresses and deformations of abrasion. The effects of grain shape, depth of penetration, and lubrication on the process forces are explored. The tribology of nanostructured surfaces involves many fundamental and scientific issues. More importantly, it has tremendous applications in industries. It is a powerful tool to regulate friction, adhesion, and wetting of surfaces by altering their geometric textures and material compositions at the nanoscale, and, hence, to control the tribological performance of the engineering surfaces.

Zory Vlad Todres' monograph offers a fresh insight into an important and developed area of organic chemistry. Calixarene, cyclodextrins, and cucurbiturils as host molecules are well known, but the corresponding new and demonstrative publications deserve new exposition. This book principally widens our consideration of organic reactivity in confining media. Topics discussed include: effects of micellization, porous effects, effects of solvent cages, complexation to organometallic compounds, hydrogen-bond or charge-transfer complexation, sorption effects, effects of solvents, and stereochemical changes upon confinement. Organic Chemistry in Confining Media is useful for experienced organic chemists working in academia or industry, as well as chemists working in fields contiguous to organic chemistry.