This project is the first book-length study of the oral traditional aspects of the fourteenth-century long-line alliterative poems the Morte Arthure and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The purpose of this project is to analyze the texts' abilities to make meaning by drawing on oral tradition, reconciling the Old English heroic influence with the Middle English romance genre exemplified by these works. By doing so, this dissertation makes two contributions to current studies of these poems and alliterative verse. First, it reconsiders the alliterative meter as a potential means of establishing heroic register, an idiomatic way of speaking determined by recurrent situations. Viewing the meter as a signal of register enhances the traditional meaning implicit in the form of the poetry. This reconsideration shifts discussion of the meter away from technical aspects to the connection between meter and content via register. Second, instead of men who fail to uphold continental modes of chivalry, my project reframes the protagonists of King Arthur and Sir Gawain as oral traditional heroic models reminiscent of Old English poetry. By coming to the poems from this previously unexamined angle, I open a new pathway of understanding these texts and their heroic content, providing a new model of how a fourteenth-century audience might have read the poems by responding to traditional cues. My project demonstrates an ongoing tradition influenced by the alliterative meter of the poems, a tradition that bridges the perceived divide in medieval English literature supposedly caused by the Norman Conquest in 1066.

Old English Heroic Poems and the Social Life of Texts develops the theme that all stories- all 'beautiful lies', if one considers them as such- have a potentially myth-like function as they enter and re-enter the stream of human consciousness. In particular, the volume assesses the place of heroic poetry (including Beowulf, Widsith, and The Battle of Maldon) in the evolving society of Anglo-Saxon England during the tenth-century period of nation-building. Poetry, Niles argues, was a great collective medium through which the Anglo-Saxons conceived of their changing social world and made mental adjustments to it. Old English 'heroic geography' is examined as an aspect of the mentality of that era. So too is the idea of the oral poet (or bard) as a means by which the people of this time continued to conceive of themselves, in defiance of reality, as members of a tribe-like community knit by close personal bonds. The volume is rounded off by the identification of Bede's story of the poet CAedmon as the earliest known example of a modern folktale type, and by a spirited defense of Seamus Heaney's recent verse translation of Beowulf.

Eighteen essays by some of the most prominent British and North American students of heroic poetry, plus two poems and a bibliography, are gathered here to honor Jess B. Bessinger Jr., whose innovative studies of heroic poetry have instructed a generation of scholars and whose performances of Anglo-Saxon poems are legendary.

Heroic Poetry provides a wide-ranging introduction to selected aspects of Britain's principal works of Celtic and Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry regarding their dating, method of composition, and use as historical sources. The historical and cultural context in which these poems were composed is recounted by examining court poets and their poetry, and the importance that they were accorded by the warrior-elite for whom they sang. The author also gives a brief review of oral theory and examines the applicability of oral theory to the examples of dark-age poetry. Under consideration is the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf and the Old Welsh poems The Gododdin and the poetry of Taliesin. The dating and transmission of these poems are discussed, plus a wide range of arguments to assign dates for composition. Beowulf's oral genesis is placed in the sixth century and a written version in the early seventh century. The author assigns Gododdin's composition to the mid-sixth century, while Taliesin's poetry is viewed to have been composed ca. 560-80. This book is unique in providing a clear and concise introduction for the heroic poetry of both the Britons and Anglo-Saxons.

Albert Bates Lord here offers an unparalleled overview of the nature of oral-traditional epic songs and the practices of the singers who composed them. Shaped by the conviction that theory should be based on what singers actually do, and have done in times past, the essays collected here span half a century of Lord's research on the oral tradition from Homer to the twentieth century. Drawing on his extensive fieldwork in living oral traditions and on the theoretical writings of Milman Parry, Lord concentrates on the singers and their art as manifested in texts of performance. In thirteen essays, some previously unpublished and all of them revised for book publication, he explores questions of composition, transmittal, and interpretation and raises important comparative issues. Individual chapters discuss aspects of the Homeric poems, South Slavic oral-traditional epics, the songs of Avdo Metedovic, Beowulf and Anglo-Saxon poetry, the medieval Greek Digenis Akritas and other medieval epics, central Asiatic and Balkan epics, the Finnish Kalevala, and the Bulgarian oral epic. The work of one of the most respected scholars of his generation, Epic Singers and Oral Tradition will be an invaluable resource for scholars and students of myth and folklore, classicists, medievalists, Slavists, comparatists, literary theorists, and anthropologists.

Finest heroic poem in Old English celebrates the exploits of Beowulf, a young nobleman of southern Sweden. Combines myth, Christian and pagan elements, and history into a powerful narrative. Genealogies.

Old English Heroic Poems and the Social Life of Texts develops the theme that all stories- all 'beautiful lies', if one considers them as such- have a potentially myth-like function as they enter and re-enter the stream of human consciousness. In particular, the volume assesses the place of heroic poetry (including Beowulf, Widsith, and The Battle of Maldon) in the evolving society of Anglo-Saxon England during the tenth-century period of nation-building. Poetry, Niles argues, was a great collective medium through which the Anglo-Saxons conceived of their changing social world and made mental adjustments to it. Old English 'heroic geography' is examined as an aspect of the mentality of that era. So too is the idea of the oral poet (or bard) as a means by which the people of this time continued to conceive of themselves, in defiance of reality, as members of a tribe-like community knit by close personal bonds. The volume is rounded off by the identification of Bede's story of the poet Cædmon as the earliest known example of a modern folktale type, and by a spirited defense of Seamus Heaney's recent verse translation of Beowulf.