Devoted to new optical measurement techniques in industry as well as the life sciences, this book has a fresh perspective on the development of modern optical sensors, which are essential for the control of parameters in industrial and biomedical applications.

Increasing possibilities of computer-aided data processing have caused a new revival of optical techniques in many areas of mechanical and chemical en gineering. Optical methods have a long tradition in heat and mass transfer and in fluid dynamics. Global experimental information is not sufficient for developing constitution equations to describe complicated phenomena in fluid dynamics or in transfer processes by a computer program . Furthermore, a detailed insight with high local and temporal resolution into the thermo-and fluiddynamic situations is necessary. Sets of equations for computer program in thermo dynamics and fluid dynamics usually consist of two types of formulations: a first one derived from the conservation laws for mass, energy and momentum, and a second one mathematically modelling transport processes like laminar or turbulent diffusion. For reliably predicting the heat transfer, for example, the velocity and temperature field in the boundary layer must be known, or a physically realistic and widely valid correlation describing the turbulence must be avail able. For a better understanding of combustion processes it is necessary to know the local concentration and temperature just ahead of the flame and in the ignition zone.

Physical Techniques in Biological Research, Volume I: Optical Techniques focuses on improvements in physical techniques used in biological research on cells and tissues. The selection first discusses photochemistry and luminescence and light scattering, including applications of luminescence, theory of light scattering and its applications, and light scattering apparatus. The text then examines absorption spectroscopy, ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, and infrared spectrophotometry. Discussions focus on factors involved in data gathering, empirical correlation between molecular structure and absorption spectra, buffers for ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, instrumentation and techniques, and interpretation of data. The text ponders on the light microscope and phase and interference microscopy, as well as the optical and mechanical systems of microscopes; wave nature of light and its consequences; purposes of phase and interference microscopy; and principles of phase microscopy. The publication also reviews birefringence and dichroism and electron microscopy. The selection is highly recommended for students and readers interested in the physical techniques used in biological research.

With chapters written by pioneering experts in various optical techniques, this comprehensive reference provides detailed descriptions of basic and advanced optical techniques commonly used to study materials, from the simple to the complex. It explains how to use the techniques to acquire, analyze, and interpret data for gaining insight into ma

There are wide-ranging implications in information security beyond national defense. Securing our information has implications for virtually all aspects of our lives, including protecting the privacy of our ?nancial transactions and medical records, facilitating all operations of government, maintaining the integrity of national borders, securing important facilities, ensuring the safety of our food and commercial products, protecting the safety of our aviation system—even safeguarding the integrity of our very identity against theft. Information security is a vital element in all of these activities, particularly as information collection and distribution become ever more connected through electronic information delivery systems and commerce. This book encompasses results of research investigation and technologies that can be used to secure, protect, verify, and authenticate objects and inf- mation from theft, counterfeiting, and manipulation by unauthorized persons and agencies. The book has drawn on the diverse expertise in optical sciences and engineering, digital image processing, imaging systems, information p- cessing, mathematical algorithms, quantum optics, computer-based infor- tion systems, sensors, detectors, and biometrics to report novel technologies that can be applied to information-security issues. The book is unique because it has diverse contributions from the ?eld of optics, which is a new emerging technology for security, and digital techniques that are very accessible and can be interfaced with optics to produce highly e?ective security systems.

In regenerative medicine, tissue engineers largely rely on destructive and time-consuming techniques that do not allow in situ and spatial monitoring of tissue growth. Furthermore, once the therapy is implanted in the patient, clinicians are often unable to monitor what is happening in the body. To tackle these barriers, optical techniques have been developed to image and characterize many tissue properties, fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds, and characterize the properties of the scaffolds. Optical Techniques in Regenerative Medicine illustrates how to use optical imaging techniques and instrumentation for the fabrication, assessment, and longitudinal monitoring of regenerative medicine therapies. The book covers optical coherence tomography, acousto-optic imaging, Raman spectroscopy, machine vision, bioluminescence, second harmonic generation microscopy, multi-photon microscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy, and light scattering spectroscopy. Each chapter provides an overview of a particular technique, its advantages and limitations in terms of structural and functional information, and examples of applications in regenerative medicine. The future evolution of regenerative medicine from academic research to viable clinical alternatives to conventional treatments is dependent on the development of non-destructive analytical techniques that can elucidate the stages of tissue development both in vitro and in vivo as well as track the fate of cells following injection. This practical book demonstrates the vital role of optical techniques in the dynamic field of regenerative medicine. It guides regenerative medicine researchers toward finding the most appropriate technique for their applications and helps biophotonics researchers see where their technologies can be applied.

Light scattering / Bennie R. Ware -- Raman scattering / Denis L. Rousseau and Mark R. Ondrias -- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy / James O. Alben and Frank G. Fiamingo -- Nanosecond fluorescence spectroscopy / Juan Yguerabide and Evangelina E. Yguerabide -- Circular dichroism / Marcos F. Maestre -- Electron microscopy / S.W. Hui.