This monograph is dedicated to a novel approach for uniform modelling of timed and hybrid systems. Heinrich Rust presents a time model which allows for both the description of discrete time steps and continuous processes with a dense real-number time model. The proposed time model is well suited to express synchronicity of events in a real-number time model as well as strict causality by using uniform discrete time steps. Thus it integrates and reconciles two views of time that are commonly used separately in di?erent application domains. In many discrete systems time is modelled by discrete steps of uniform length, in continuous systems time is seen as a dense ?ow. Themainideatointegratethesedi?erentviewsisadiscretizationofthedense real-number time structure by using constant in?nitesimal time steps within each real-number point in time. The underlying mathematical structure of this time model is based on concepts of Non-standard Analysis as proposed by Abraham Robinson in the 1950s. The discrete modelling, i.e., the descr- tion of sequential discrete algorithms at di?erent abstraction levels, is done with Abstract State Machines along the formalisms developed by Yuri Gu- vich and temporal logic. These ingredients produce a rich formal basis for describing a large variety of systems with quantitative linear time prop- ties, by seamless integration, re?nement and embedding of continuous and discrete models into one uniform semantic framework called“Non-standard Timed Abstract State Machines”(NTASM).

This tutorial volume originates from the 4th Advanced Course on Petri Nets, ACPN 2003, held in Eichsttt, Germany in September 2003. In addition to lectures given at ACPN 2003, additional chapters have been commissioned to give a well-balanced presentation of the state of the art in the area. This book will be useful as both a reference for those working in the area as well as a study book for the reader who is interested in an up-to-date overview of research and development in concurrent and distributed systems; of course, readers specifically interested in theoretical or applicational aspects of Petri nets will appreciate the book as well.

This volume contains the papers that were presented at the 8th International Conference on Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems (FORMATS 2010), held September 8–10, 2010, at IST (Institute of Science and Technology) Austria, in Klosterneuburg, Austria. The modeling andanalysis oftiming aspects of systems is a keyproblem that has been treated independently in several di?erent communities in computer science and related areas. Researchers interested in semantics, veri?cation, re- timescheduling,andperformanceanalysisstudymodelssuchastimedautomata and timed Petri nets, the digital design community focuses on propagation and switching delays, and designers of embedded controllers need to take into - count the time requiredby controllersto compute their responses after sampling the environment. Although the timing-related questions in these separate c- munities have their own speci?c nature, there is a growing awareness that there are basic problems that are common to all of them. In particular, all of these disciplines model and analyze systems whose behavior depends on combinations of logical and timing constraints between occurrences of events. The aim of FORMATS is to promote the study of fundamental and practical aspects of timed systems, and to bring together researchers from di?erent d- ciplines that share an interest in the modeling and analysis of timed systems. Typical topics include (but are not limited to): – Foundations and Semantics: theoretical foundations of timed systems and languages; comparison between di?erent models (timed automata, timed Petri nets, hybrid automata, timed process algebra,max-plus algebra, pr- abilistic models).

This book collects the research work of leading-edge researchers and practitioners in the areas of analysis, synthesis, design and implementation of real-time systems with applications in various industrial fields. Their works are grouped into six parts, together encompassing twenty chapters. Each part is devoted to a mainstream subject, the chapters therein developing one of the major aspects of real-time system theory, modeling, design, and practical applications. Starting with a general approach in the area of formalization of real-time systems, and setting the foundations for a general systemic theory of those systems, the book covers everything from building modeling frameworks for various types of real-time systems, to verification, and synthesis. Other parts of the book deal with subjects related to tools and applications of these systems. A special part is dedicated to languages used for their modeling and design. The applications presented in the book reveal precious insights into practitionersOCO secrets."

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems, FORMATS 2017, held in Berlin, Germany, in September 2017.​ The aim of FORMATS is to promote the study of fundamental and practical aspects of timed systems, and to bring together researchers from different disciplines that share interests in modelling and analysis of timed systems and, as a generalization, hybrid systems.

Thetopicof“Model-BasedEngineeringofReal-TimeEmbeddedSystems”brings together a challenging problem domain (real-time embedded systems) and a - lution domain (model-based engineering). It is also at the forefrontof integrated software and systems engineering, as software in this problem domain is an essential tool for system implementation and integration. Today, real-time - bedded software plays a crucial role in most advanced technical systems such as airplanes, mobile phones, and cars, and has become the main driver and - cilitator for innovation. Development, evolution, veri?cation, con?guration, and maintenance of embedded and distributed software nowadays are often serious challenges as drastic increases in complexity can be observed in practice. Model-based engineering in general, and model-based software development in particular, advocates the notion of using models throughout the development and life-cycle of an engineered system. Model-based software engineering re- forces this notion by promoting models not only as the tool of abstraction, but also as the tool for veri?cation, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The application of such model-based engineering techniques to embedded real-time systems appears to be a good candidate to tackle some of the problems arising in the problem domain.

Real-time systems need to react to certain input stimuli within given time bounds. For example, an airbag in a car has to unfold within 300 milliseconds in a crash. There are many embedded safety-critical applications and each requires real-time specification techniques. This text introduces three of these techniques, based on logic and automata: duration calculus, timed automata, and PLC-automata. The techniques are brought together to form a seamless design flow, from real-time requirements specified in the duration calculus; via designs specified by PLC-automata; and into source code for hardware platforms of embedded systems. The syntax, semantics, and proof methods of the specification techniques are introduced; their most important properties are established; and real-life examples illustrate their use. Detailed case studies and exercises conclude each chapter. Ideal for students of real-time systems or embedded systems, this text will also be of great interest to researchers and professionals in transportation and automation.