Today it is recognized the world over, and especially in Asia that education has not only a social and moral function but it is also an economic necessity. The education system generaly provides limited access to the rural poor and other disadvantaged groups, and to a certain extent contributes to inequalities in society. How does one provide wider access to education to the rural poor, to working adults, to women at home and to disadvantaged groups?

The future of the university as an open knowledge institution that institutionalizes diversity and contributes to a common resource of knowledge: a manifesto. In this book, a diverse group of authors—including open access pioneers, science communicators, scholars, researchers, and university administrators—offer a bold proposition: universities should become open knowledge institutions, acting with principles of openness at their center and working across boundaries and with broad communities to generate shared knowledge resources for the benefit of humanity. Calling on universities to adopt transparent protocols for the creation, use, and governance of these resources, the authors draw on cutting-edge theoretical work, offer real-world case studies, and outline ways to assess universities’ attempts to achieve openness. Digital technologies have already brought about dramatic changes in knowledge format and accessibility. The book describes further shifts that open knowledge institutions must make as they move away from closed processes for verifying expert knowledge and toward careful, mediated approaches to sharing it with wider publics. It examines these changes in terms of diversity, coordination, and communication; discusses policy principles that lay out paths for universities to become fully fledged open knowledge institutions; and suggests ways that openness can be introduced into existing rankings and metrics. Case studies—including Wikipedia, the Library Publishing Coalition, Creative Commons, and Open and Library Access—illustrate key processes.

This historical perspective on The Open University, founded in 1969, frames its ethos (to be open to people, places, methods and ideas) within the traditions of correspondence courses, commercial television, adult education, the post-war social democratic settlement and the Cold War. A critical assessment of its engagement with teaching, assessment and support for adult learners offers an understanding as to how it came to dominate the market for part-time studies. It also indicates how, as the funding and status of higher education shifted, it became a loved brand and a model for universities around the world. Drawing on previously ignored or unavailable records, personal testimony and recently digitised broadcast teaching materials, it recognises the importance of students to the maintenance of the university and places the development of learning and the uses of technology for education over the course of half a century within a wider social and economic perspective.

Open Universities: A British Tradition challenges the notion that the open university is a recent invention. It argues that in Britain there is a long and varied tradition of such developments, and that there has been a significant 20th-century reduction in the open-ness of our universities, particularly in the period from the 1950s to the 1970s.

A discussion of how the knowledge media can contribute to the renewal of universities, particularly through the development of distance education. It looks at universities which have risen to the challenges of cost and accessibility using technology.

This insightful collection of essays explores the ways in which open education can democratise access to education for all. It is a rich resource that offers both research and case studies to relate the application of open technologies and approaches in education settings around the world. A must-read for practitioners, policy-makers, scholars and students in the field of education.

1. The whole syllabus of General Paper -1 is divided into 10 Sections 2. Every topic is well explained. 3. Every Chapter of each unit consists of Previous Years’ Solved Paper 4. More than 3000 MCQs are designed exactly on the lines of paper. 5. Previous Years’ Solved Papers [2020-2019] are provided to give hints and base for preparation. 6. 5 Practice Sets are given for the self -assessment to track the level preparedness. Every year, approx. 10 lakh candidates register for NTA UGC exam to become a lecturer or researcher in various fields. If you are keen to pursue a career in the lectureship, then appearing in NTA UGC NET Exam will be the best decision. The newly updated and well revised ‘NTA UGC NET/SET/JRF Teaching and Research Aptitude Paper 1’ has been designed under the guidance of many subject experts, following the content according to the latest syllabus & pattern of the exam. Dividing the entire syllabus under 10 Units, discussing and elaborating each chapter in easy understanding language supported with Examples, Flowcharts, Figures, Diagrams, etc. Other than theory, it has ample number of questions with; more than 3000 Chapterwise/Unitwise MCQs for complete practice, Chapter/Unitwise Previous Years’ Papers (2014-2019), 5 Practice Sets are given with Online Practice and 2020-2019 Solved Papers are provided with detailed explanations. This book for General English Paper 1 gives a complete account of Teaching and Research Aptitude to score maximum in this compulsory paper. TOC Solved Paper December 2020 [shift- I], Solved Paper December 2020 [Shift –II], Solved Paper June 2018, Solved Paper December 2019, Solved Paper July 2018, Unit 1 Teaching Aptitude, Unit 2 Research Aptitude, Unit 3 Comprehension, Unit 4 Communication, Unit 5 Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude, Unit 6 Logical Reasoning, Unit 7 Data Interpretation, Unit 8 Information and Communication Technology, Unit 9 People, Development and Environment, Unit 10 Higher Education System, Practice Sets (1-5).