The French economy rebounded quickly following the COVID-19 crisis, in particular thanks to the acceleration of the vaccination campaign and strong public support measures. Rapid and effective implementation of the recovery and investment plans would help support stronger and more sustainable growth.

Estonia’s economy continues to perform well, and growing incomes support well-being. However, the expansion has peaked, and growth is set to soften due to weak international demand. Prudent fiscal policy has resulted in low debt, but spending pressures related to meeting infrastructure needs and ageing are mounting. Old age poverty is high and the proposal to allow early withdrawal of pension funds threatens macroeconomic stability and pension adequacy. The gender wage gap is among the highest in the OECD, and inequalities in income and health are considerable, reflecting gaps in the social safety net. The oil-shale sector is highly energy-intensive and is the main culprit behind Estonia’s high greenhouse gas emissions, but reducing dependence on the sector is challenging, as it is an important employer and meets 70% of Estonia’s energy needs.

OECD's periodic economic review of Portugal that examines recent economic developments, policies, and prospects. In addition, this edition focuses on improving credit and investment allocation.

The OECD Economic Outlook is the OECD’s twice-yearly analysis of the major economic trends and prospects for the next two years.

OECD's periodic economic review of Portugal that examines recent economic developments, policies, and prospects. In addition, this edition focuses on improving credit and investment allocation.

This 2017 OECD Economic Survey of Portugal examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. The special chapters cover raising investment and raising skills.

OECD's 2014 Economic Survey of Portugal examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. Special chapers cover boosting export performance and reducing inequality and poverty.