The chemistry, structure and biological importance of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) are thoroughly discussed in this volume, which covers a wide scope of topics relevant to the field of calcium phosphates in general. The first chapter reviews the structures of OCP and other important calcium phosphates. It is followed by a description of the mimicry of OCP growth in vivo using in vitro model systems and an extensive review of OCP in biological systems. The remarkable ability of OCP to incorporate biologically relevant organic carboxylates into its structure is also discussed, along with the solubility and surface properties of calcium phosphate salts, and amorphous calcium phosphate and its relationship to OCP. The last chapter centers on the emerging technology of calcium phosphate cements as bone defect repair materials. The book provides in-depth, up-to-date information to all scientists studying calcium phosphate chemistry, biomineralization, pathological calcification, dental caries, biomaterials, and recovery of environmental phosphorus.

Octacalcium Phosphate Biomaterials: Past, Present and Future is a comprehensive study of octacalcium phosphate (OCP), a next generation biomaterial for bone regeneration. By focusing both on fundamental research and the use of OCP as a scaffold material, this book explores its potential to deliver improved clinical results. Early chapters in the book discuss OCP's effects on bone cell activity, cellular interactions and their role in bone formation, repair and replacement. Later chapters cover topics such as drug delivery, synthesis methodologies and future analysis techniques. This will be an invaluable and unique resource for researchers, clinicians, students and industrialists in the area of orthopedics and dentistry. OCP is known to be a pre-cursor to hydroxyapatite in the human biomineralization process that forms bone and tooth enamel. Research studies that have emerged in recent years suggest OCP's tremendous potential as a bioactive material. - Contains comprehensive, up-to-date information on the basic science, including physical, chemical and biological properties - Presents the clinical potential of octacalcium phosphate biomaterials - Provides a reference point for new research and increased activity in the area of next generation smarter biomaterials for hard tissue repair and regeneration

The chemistry, structure and biological importance of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) are thoroughly discussed in this volume, which covers a wide scope of topics relevant to the field of calcium phosphates in general. The first chapter reviews the structures of OCP and other important calcium phosphates. It is followed by a description of the mimicry of OCP growth in vivo using in vitro model systems and an extensive review of OCP in biological systems. The remarkable ability of OCP to incorporate biologically relevant organic carboxylates into its structure is also discussed, along with the solubility and surface properties of calcium phosphate salts, and amorphous calcium phosphate and its relationship to OCP. The last chapter centers on the emerging technology of calcium phosphate cements as bone defect repair materials. The book provides in-depth, up-to-date information to all scientists studying calcium phosphate chemistry, biomineralization, pathological calcification, dental caries, biomaterials, and recovery of environmental phosphorus.

The apatites and related calcium phosphates have been of considerable interest to biologists, mineralogists, and inorganic and industrial chemists for many years. This book contains a detailed description of the structures and structural interrelationships of the calcium orthophosphates, including the apatites. Their preparation, crystal growth and dissolution, chemical reactions including thermal decomposition, IR, Raman and NMR spectra and various physical properties are discussed. Apatites other than those containing calcium and phosphorus are included. Synthetic, mineral and biological carbonate apatites are also considered. A wide, but critical coverage of the literature is given, which includes a substantial amount not written in English. Research from many disciplines is included which results in a comprehensive compilation of recent work.

Due to a great chemical similarity with the biological calcified tissues, many calcium orthophosphates possess remarkable biocompatibility and bioactivity. Materials scientists use this property extensively to construct artificial bone grafts that are either entirely made of or only surface-coated with the biologically relevant calcium orthophospha

Calcium Phosphates in Biological and Industrial Systems provides a comprehensive discussion on calcium phosphates in the diverse areas of their applications. The authors are all respected specialists in their particular fields, possessing wide knowledge and experience and able to analyze recent results and relate them to their respective areas of expertise. New information, as well as a review of current concepts, highlights the individual contributions. Due to the broad scope of the subject covered and the large number of contributions, this book is divided into three parts. Whilst each section contains a basic theme, there is a considerable overlapping of ideas and approaches. This reflects the excitement and interdisciplinary nature of investigations by researchers interested in dissimilar aspects of calcium phosphates. Considering the general interest in calcium phosphates, Calcium Phosphates in Biological and Industrial Systems is directed at an audience of researchers in the fields of biology, chemistry, dentistry, geology, chemical engineering, environmental engineering, and medicine. It will also be useful to technology-focused researchers in industry whose investigations might be related directly or indirectly to calcium phosphates.

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technologies" that was published in Applied Sciences