NADPH Oxidases

NADPH Oxidases
Title NADPH Oxidases PDF eBook
Author Ulla G. Knaus
Publisher Humana
Pages 718
Release 2019-06-07
Genre Science
ISBN 9781493994236

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This detailed volume explores the NADPH oxidase family of enzymes in human physiology and genetic disease, in which early discoveries represent prime examples of the finest translational “from bed to bench and back” studies. Methods are included for testing assembly and function of multicomponent oxidase complexes and for analyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in different systems by various means, while addressing pitfalls of ROS probes currently being used, as well as protocols on NADPH oxidase regulation and their function in cells. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introduction to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, NADPH Oxidases: Methods and Protocols will aid researchers working with the NOX/DUOX family in continuing and expanding upon their vital research.

NETosis

NETosis
Title NETosis PDF eBook
Author Geeta Rai
Publisher Academic Press
Pages 202
Release 2019-06-01
Genre Medical
ISBN 0128163798

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NETosis: Immunity, Pathogenesis and Therapeutics takes a focused approach to the clinical aspects of NETosis and drug development, bringing critical findings. Chapters introduce NETosis, consider mechanisms and antimicrobial strategies regulating NETosis, examine NETosis in neonates, explore the role of NETosis in autoimmunity, delve into NETosis and other diseases, and present therapeutic approaches for dysregulated NETosis. Since Brinkamm, et al, discovered an unrecognized neutrophil anti-microbial mechanism responsible for the extracellular killing of invading pathogens in 2004, the novel process in which nuclear chromatin de-condenses and DNA is ejected into the extra cellular environment, trapping and inactivating tissue pathogens has rapidly evolved. - Presents an up-to-date and detailed analysis of NETosis - Brings together critical findings on NETosis as a comparatively novel immune mechanism - Focuses on the clinical aspects of NETosis that lead to drug development - Covers the topic with a cogency and passion that is based on years of scientific research

Neutrophil Methods and Protocols

Neutrophil Methods and Protocols
Title Neutrophil Methods and Protocols PDF eBook
Author Mark T. Quinn
Publisher Springer Science & Business Media
Pages 1099
Release 2007-08-02
Genre Medical
ISBN 1588297888

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This book provides a concise set of protocols for assessing basic neutrophil functions, investigating specialized areas in neutrophil research, and completing step-by-step diagnostic assays of common neutrophil disorders. Each of the protocols is written by leading researchers in the field and includes hints for success, as well as guidance for troubleshooting. Scientists and clinicians will find this collection an invaluable aid.

Role of Neutrophils in Disease Pathogenesis

Role of Neutrophils in Disease Pathogenesis
Title Role of Neutrophils in Disease Pathogenesis PDF eBook
Author Maitham Khajah
Publisher BoD – Books on Demand
Pages 182
Release 2017-06-07
Genre Medical
ISBN 9535131958

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This book highlights the important role of neutrophils in health as well as in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Section 1 provides a general background information regarding the mechanisms and various triggers of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation and their role in various infectious and noninfectious diseases (such as postinjury inflammation). Section 2 provides recent evidence regarding the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis as well as a therapeutic target for selected disease conditions such as periodontal diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and cystic fibrosis. Section 3 describes the anti-inflammatory properties of neutrophils with focus regarding their role in graft versus host disease. This book provides a wider picture with regard to the importance of this immune cell type in various diseases with focus on one of its recently discovered properties, NETs. Therapeutic targets aimed to modulate neutrophil functions might provide novel approaches in the treatment of various diseases of infectious and noninfectious origin.

NETosis: At the Intersection of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Immunology

NETosis: At the Intersection of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Immunology
Title NETosis: At the Intersection of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Immunology PDF eBook
Author Mariana J. Kaplan
Publisher Frontiers E-books
Pages 204
Release 2013-08-08
Genre
ISBN 2889191583

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NETosis is a unique form of cell death that is characterized by the release of decondensed chromatin and granular contents to the extracellular space. The initial observation of NETosis placed the process within the context of the innate immune response to infections. Neutrophils, the most numerous leukocytes that arrive quickly at the site of an infection, were the first cell type shown to undergo extracellular trap formation. However, subsequent studies showed that other granulocytes are also capable of releasing nuclear chromatin following stimulation. The extracellular chromatin acts to immobilize microbes and prevent their dispersal in the host. Bacterial breakdown products and inflammatory stimuli induce NETosis and the release of NETs requires enzyme activities. Histones in NET chromatin become modified by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) and cleaved at specific sites by proteases. NETs serve for attachment of bactericidal enzymes including myeloperoxidase, leukocyte proteases, and the cathelicidin LL-37. While the benefit of NETs in an infection appears clear, NETs also figure prominently at the center of various pathologic states. Therefore, it is important for NETs to be efficiently cleared; else digestive enzymes may gain access to tissues where inflammation takes place. Persistent NET exposure at sites of inflammation may lead to a further complication: NET antigens may provoke acquired immune responses and, over time, could initiate autoimmune reactions. Recent studies identified aberrant NET synthesis and/or clearance in inflammatory/autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, ANCA-positive vasculitis, gout and Felty’s syndrome. In the case of SLE, for example, it appears that LL-37 exposed in the NETs may be a significant trigger of type I Interferon responses in this disease. Recent evidence also implicates aberrant NET formation in the development of endothelial damage, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. NETosis is thus of interest to researchers who investigate innate immune responses, host-pathogen interactions, chronic inflammatory disorders, cell and vascular biology, biochemistry, and autoimmunity. As we approach the 10-year-anniversary of the initial discovery of NETosis, it is useful and timely to review the so far identified mechanisms and pathways of NET formation, their role in bacterial and fungal defense and their putative importance as inducers of autoimmune responses. We look forward to a rich and rigorous discussion of these and related issues that benefit from interdisciplinary approaches, collaborations and exciting discoveries.

Oral Biology

Oral Biology
Title Oral Biology PDF eBook
Author Gregory J. Seymour
Publisher Springer Nature
Pages 523
Release 2022-11-23
Genre Medical
ISBN 1071627805

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This fully revised new edition explores advances in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Beyond the updated chapters, the book delves into regenerative biology, gene editing and the use of CRISPR in oral biology, as well as histone acetylation and deacetylation methods, further reflecting advances in the application of molecular techniques to oral biology. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Oral Biology: Molecular Techniques and Applications, Third Edition serves as an ideal basic resource not only for new researchers but also for experienced scientists wishing to expand their research platform into new areas of this vital field.

Mosaic of Autoimmunity

Mosaic of Autoimmunity
Title Mosaic of Autoimmunity PDF eBook
Author Carlo Perricone
Publisher Academic Press
Pages 728
Release 2019-02-13
Genre Medical
ISBN 012814307X

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The Mosaic of Autoimmunity: The Novel Factors of Autoimmune Diseases describes the multifactorial origin and diversity of expression of autoimmune diseases in humans. The term implies that different combinations of factors in autoimmunity produce varying and unique clinical pictures in a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases. Most of the factors involved in autoimmunity can be categorized into four groups: genetic, immune defects, hormonal and environmental factors. In this book, the environmental factors are reviewed, including infectious agents, vaccines as triggers of autoimmunity, smoking and its relationship with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid disease, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel diseases. An entirely new syndrome, the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA), is also included, along with other diseases that are now recognized as having an autoimmune etiopathogenesis.