A significant increase in investor-State arbitration cases has been observed since the 2000s. The trust placed by investors and States in this method of dispute resolution stems from several strengths. In addition to its neutrality, one of the primary reasons for its widespread use is its adaptability, enabling it to address specific challenges that have emerged in recent decades. The following elements highlight this adaptability: the arbitration procedure can be customised to meet the specific needs of the disputing parties and stakeholders involved. It effectively responds to evolving cultural norms and ethical considerations, such as diversity, gender representation, corporate social responsibility, environmental issues, and human rights. Moreover, it can adapt to global health crises by facilitating online hearings. Finally, during times of international armed conflict, economic exchanges, trade, investment, and investor-State dispute settlement foster economic integration and interdependence, contributing to maintaining commercial peace and supporting international peace and security. However, investor-State arbitration has sparked vigorous debates, with many advocating for reform in three crucial aspects: transparency, legitimacy, and consistency. Multilateral negotiations are currently underway on various fronts, including the negotiation of more sustainable investment treaties, amendments to institutional arbitral rules, the design of a multilateral investment court, and the development of enhanced policy frameworks. This book delves into the history of investor-State dispute resolution to provide readers with an understanding of how its main features have evolved over time. It examines the most intensely debated procedural issues, analyses their multifaceted characteristics, reviews the complex relationship between investor-State arbitration and the European Union, and explores potential options for addressing stakeholder concerns.

The Comprehensive Sailing Start-Up Resource Can a keelboat tip over? Can I take a centerboard boat onto open water? How can I determine what boat I want? Once I do, what’s a fair price to pay for it? Should I buy it new or used? How can I tell the difference between a used boat and one that’s used up? Now that I have it, how can I start sailing quickly and safely? Your First Sailboat is the first book to answer all your questions about selecting, buying, maintaining, and using your first boat. This user-friendly guide covers issues that other books ignore, including how to choose between a trailer sailer, daysailer, raceboat, cruiser, or multihull; what hull material is best for your first boat; whether to buy new or used; where to shop; how to judge quality and condition; where to keep your new boat; and what to do about gear, loans, insurance, and annual maintenance. Special features of this all-in-one handbook include: A descriptive buying guide to 75 recommended sailboats of all types and sizes, from daysailers to racers, cruisers, and multihulls A decision tree to guide you to your ideal starter boat Complete instructions on how to care for and sail your boat as well as how to acquire it Straightforward and fun, Your First Sailboat gives you just what you need to stop asking questions and start sailing. Everything else is optional. Save time. Save money. This book omits everything you don’t need to know.