This book documents and explains civil defence preparations for national cyber emergencies in conditions of both peace and war. The volume analyses the escalating sense of crisis around state-sponsored cyber attacks that has emerged since 2015, when the United States first declared a national emergency in cyberspace. It documents a shift in thinking in the USA, from cooperative resilience-oriented approaches at national level to more highly regulated, state-led civil defence initiatives. Although the American response has been mirrored in other countries, the shift is far from universal. Civil defence strategies have come into play but the global experience of that has not been consistent or even that successful. Containing contributions from well-placed scholars and practitioners, this volume reviews a selection of national experiences (from the USA, Australia, India, China, Estonia, and Finland) and a number of key thematic issues (information weapons, alliance coordination, and attack simulations). These demonstrate a disconnect between the deepening sense of vulnerability and the availability of viable solutions at the national level. Awareness of this gap may ultimately lead to more internationally oriented cooperation, but the trend for now appears to be more conflictual and rooted in a growing sense of insecurity. This book will be of much interest to students of cyber security, homeland security, disaster management, and international relations, as well as practitioners and policy-makers.

Contents: Introduction; Background on Cyber Threats and Calls for Executive Action; Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative and Concerns Regarding Transparency and Effectiveness; Legal Authorities for Executive Branch Responses to Cyber Threats; Separation of Powers in National Security Matters; Congressional Constraints on Executive Action; Policy Considerations and Congressional Options; Conclusion.

Cyber analysis and warning capabilities are critical to thwarting computer-based (cyber) threats and attacks. The Dept. of Homeland Security (DHS) established the U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) to, among other things, coordinate the nation¿s efforts to prepare for, prevent, and respond to cyber threats to systems and communications networks. This report: (1) identifies key attributes of cyber analysis and warning capabilities; (2) compares these attributes with US-CERT¿s current capabilities to identify whether there are gaps; and (3) identifies US-CERT¿s challenges to developing and implementing key attributes and a successful national cyber analysis and warning capability. Includes recommendations. Illus.

Networked technologies touch every corner of the globe and every facet of human life. They have driven innovation, nurtured freedoms, and spurred economic prosperity. Even so, the very technologies that enable these benefits offer new opportunities for malicious and unwanted cyber activities. The risks associated with the Nation's dependence on these networked technologies led to the development of Presidential Policy Directive 41 (PPD-41): United States Cyber Incident Coordination, which sets forth principles governing the Federal Government's response to any cyber incident, whether involving government or private sector entities. PPD-41 recognizes that the frequency of cyber incidents is increasing, and this trend is unlikely to be reversed anytime soon. The most significant of these incidents, those likely to result in demonstrable harm to the national security interests, foreign relations, or economy of the United States or to the public confidence, civil liberties, or public health and safety of the American people, necessitate deliberative planning, coordination, and exercising of response activities, in order to minimize the threat and consequences to the Nation, infrastructure, and way of life. The National Cyber Incident Response Plan (NCIRP or Plan) is not a tactical or operational plan; rather, it serves as the primary strategic framework for stakeholders to understand how federal departments and agencies and other national-level partners provide resources to support response operations. Authored in close coordination with government and private sector partners, the NCIRP expounds upon the concurrent lines of effort, defined by PPD-41, for how the Federal Government will organize its activities to manage the effects of significant cyber incidents. The concurrent lines of effort are threat response, asset response, intelligence support, and the affected entity, which undertakes efforts to manage the effects of the incident on its operations, customers, and workforce. Guiding Principles * Relationship To National Preparedness System * Roles and Responsibilities * Concurrent Lines Of Effort * Threat Response * Private Sector * State, Local, Tribal, and Territorial Governments * Federal Government * Asset Response * Private Sector * State, Local, Tribal, and Territorial Government * Federal Government * Intelligence Support * State, Local, Tribal, and Territorial Government * Federal Government * Affected Entity's Response * Cyber Incidents Involving Personally Identifiable Information * Core Capabilities * Access Control and Identity Verification * Cybersecurity * Forensics and Attribution * Infrastructure Systems * Intelligence and Information Sharing * Interdiction and Disruption * Logistics and Supply Chain Management * Operational Communications * Operational Coordination * Planning * Public Information and Warning * Screening, Search, and Detection * Situational Assessment * Threats and Hazards Identification * Coordinating Structures and Integration * Coordinating Structures * Private Sector * State, Local, Tribal, and Territorial Governments * Federal Government * International * Operational Coordination During A Significant Cyber Incident * Determination Of Incident Severity * Enhanced Coordination Procedures * Cyber UCG * Information Sharing During Cyber Incident Response

This companion provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date comparative overview of the cyber-security strategies and doctrines of the major states and actors in Europe, North America, South America, Africa, and Asia. The volume offers an introduction to each nation’s cyber-security strategy and policy, along with a list of resources in English that may be consulted for those wishing to go into greater depth. Each chapter is written by a leading academic or policy specialist, and contains the following sections: overview of national cyber-security strategy; concepts and definitions; exploration of cyber-security issues as they relate to international law and governance; critical examinations of cyber partners at home and abroad; legislative developments and processes; dimensions of cybercrime and cyberterrorism; implications of cyber-security policies and strategies. This book will be of much interest to students and practitioners in the fields of cyber-security, national security, strategic studies, foreign policy, and international relations.