The subject of this book is Lagrange, Hermite and Birkhoff (lacunary Hermite) interpolation by multivariate algebraic polynomials. It unifies and extends a new algorithmic approach to this subject which was introduced and developed by G.G. Lorentz and the author. One particularly interesting feature of this algorithmic approach is that it obviates the necessity of finding a formula for the Vandermonde determinant of a multivariate interpolation in order to determine its regularity (which formulas are practically unknown anyways) by determining the regularity through simple geometric manipulations in the Euclidean space. Although interpolation is a classical problem, it is surprising how little is known about its basic properties in the multivariate case. The book therefore starts by exploring its fundamental properties and its limitations. The main part of the book is devoted to a complete and detailed elaboration of the new technique. A chapter with an extensive selection of finite elements follows as well as a chapter with formulas for Vandermonde determinants. Finally, the technique is applied to non-standard interpolations. The book is principally oriented to specialists in the field. However, since all the proofs are presented in full detail and since examples are profuse, a wider audience with a basic knowledge of analysis and linear algebra will draw profit from it. Indeed, the fundamental nature of multivariate nature of multivariate interpolation is reflected by the fact that readers coming from the disparate fields of algebraic geometry (singularities of surfaces), of finite elements and of CAGD will also all find useful information here.

Spline functions entered Approximation Theory as solutions of natural extremal problems. A typical example is the problem of drawing a function curve through given n + k points that has a minimal norm of its k-th derivative. Isolated facts about the functions, now called splines, can be found in the papers of L. Euler, A. Lebesgue, G. Birkhoff, J. Favard, L. Tschakaloff. However, the Theory of Spline Functions has developed in the last 30 years by the effort of dozens of mathematicians. Recent fundamental results on multivariate polynomial interpolation and multivari ate splines have initiated a new wave of theoretical investigations and variety of applications. The purpose of this book is to introduce the reader to the theory of spline functions. The emphasis is given to some new developments, such as the general Birkoff's type interpolation, the extremal properties of the splines and their prominant role in the optimal recovery of functions, multivariate interpolation by polynomials and splines. The material presented is based on the lectures of the authors, given to the students at the University of Sofia and Yerevan University during the last 10 years. Some more elementary results are left as excercises and detailed hints are given.

Interpolation by polynomials is a very old subject. The first systematic work was due to Newton in the seventeenth century. Lagrange developed his formula only a little later. In 1878 Hermie introduced so called Hermite interpolation. In 1906 Birkhoff published the first paper on lacunary (or Birkhoff) interpolation whose information about a function and its derivatives is irregular. It turns out that the Birkhoff interpolation problem is very difficult. The reasons are: the solvability of the problem is equivalent to non-singularity of the coefficient matrix of higher order, which of course is not easy to determine in general; should the solvability of the problem be known, it is difficult to get an explicit representation of the solution; although an explicit representation of the solution in some special cases can be acquired, it is usually complicated and is hard to study. This book is largely self-contained. It begins with the definitions and elementary properties of Birkhoff interpolation, to be followed by the formulating of the fundamental theorems for regularity and comparison theorems; also investigated are fundamental polynomials of interpolation in details. Interpolation follow.

This book is a collection of eleven articles, written by leading experts and dealing with special topics in Multivariate Approximation and Interpolation. The material discussed here has far-reaching applications in many areas of Applied Mathematics, such as in Computer Aided Geometric Design, in Mathematical Modelling, in Signal and Image Processing and in Machine Learning, to mention a few. The book aims at giving a comprehensive information leading the reader from the fundamental notions and results of each field to the forefront of research. It is an ideal and up-to-date introduction for graduate students specializing in these topics, and for researchers in universities and in industry. - A collection of articles of highest scientific standard - An excellent introduction and overview of recent topics from multivariate approximation - A valuable source of references for specialists in the field - A representation of the state-of-the-art in selected areas of multivariate approximation - A rigorous mathematical introduction to special topics of interdisciplinary research

This reference book provides the main definitions, theorems and techniques in the theory of Birkhoff interpolation by polynomials. The book begins with an article by G. G. Lorentz that discusses some of the important developments in approximation and interpolation in the last twenty years. It presents all the basic material known at the present time in a unified manner. Topics discussed include; applications of Birkhoff interpolation to approximation theory, quadrature formulas and Chebyshev systems; lacunary interpolation at special knots and an introduction to the theory of Birkhoff interpolation by splines.

Dedicated to the well-respected research mathematician Ambikeshwar Sharma, Frontiers in Interpolation and Approximation explores approximation theory, interpolation theory, and classical analysis. Written by authoritative international mathematicians, this book presents many important results in classical analysis, wavelets, and interpolation theory. Some topics covered are Markov inequalities for multivariate polynomials, analogues of Chebyshev and Bernstein inequalities for multivariate polynomials, various measures of the smoothness of functions, and the equivalence of Hausdorff continuity and pointwise Hausdorff-Lipschitz continuity of a restricted center multifunction. The book also provides basic facts about interpolation, discussing classes of entire functions such as algebraic polynomials, trigonometric polynomials, and nonperiodic transcendental entire functions. Containing both original research and comprehensive surveys, this book provides researchers and graduate students with important results of interpolation and approximation.

This volume focuses on the more recent results in computational geometry, such as algorithms for computer pictures of algebraic surfaces, the dimensionality paradigm and medial axis transform in geometric and solid modeling, stationary and non-stationary subdivision schemes for the generation of curves and surfaces, minimum norm networks in CAGD, knot removal and constrained knot removal for spline curves, blossoming in CAGD, triangulation methods, geometric modeling.