Detailed descriptions of detection, direction-finding, and signal-estimation methods, using consistent formalisms and notation, emphasizing HF antenna array sensing applications. Adaptive antenna array technology encompasses many powerful interference suppression approaches that exploit spatial differences among signals reaching a radio receiver system. Today, worldwide propagation phenomenology occurring in the High Frequency (HF) radio regime has made such interference common. In this book, Jay Sklar, a longtime researcher at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, presents detailed descriptions of detection, direction-finding, and signal-estimation methods applicable at HF, using consistent formalisms and notation. Modern electronic system technology has made many of these techniques affordable and practical; the goal of the book is to offer practicing engineers a comprehensive and self-contained reference that will encourage more widespread application of these approaches. The book is based on the author's thirty years of managing MIT Lincoln Laboratory work on the application of adaptive antenna array technologies to the sensing of HF communication signals. After an overview of HF propagation phenomenology, communication signal formats, and HF receiver architectural approaches, Sklar describes the HF propagation environment in more detail; introduces important modulation approaches and signaling protocols used at HF; discusses HF receiver system architectural features; and addresses signal processor architecture and its implementation. He then presents the technical foundation for the book: the vector model for a signal received at an adaptive array antenna. He follows this with discussions of actual signal processing techniques for detection and direction finding, including specific direction-finding algorithms; geolocation techniques; and signal estimation.

The first text to take a systems engineering approach to artificial intelligence (AI), from architecture principles to the development and deployment of AI capabilities. Most books on artificial intelligence (AI) focus on a single functional building block, such as machine learning or human-machine teaming. Artificial Intelligence takes a more holistic approach, addressing AI from the view of systems engineering. The book centers on the people-process-technology triad that is critical to successful development of AI products and services. Development starts with an AI design, based on the AI system architecture, and culminates with successful deployment of the AI capabilities. Directed toward AI developers and operational users, this accessibly written volume of the MIT Lincoln Laboratory Series can also serve as a text for undergraduate seniors and graduate-level students and as a reference book. Key features: In-depth look at modern computing technologies Systems engineering description and means to successfully undertake an AI product or service development through deployment Existing methods for applying machine learning operations (MLOps) AI system architecture including a description of each of the AI pipeline building blocks Challenges and approaches to attend to responsible AI in practice Tools to develop a strategic roadmap and techniques to foster an innovative team environment Multiple use cases that stem from the authors’ MIT classes, as well as from AI practitioners, AI project managers, early-career AI team leaders, technical executives, and entrepreneurs Exercises and Jupyter notebook examples

A high-level text that synthesizes diverse research areas for characterizing objects (targets) from radar data and establishes a novel analysis framework for a class of signal processing techniques useful for high-resolution radar signature modeling. The only text to integrate a diverse body of work on characterizing objects (targets) from radar data into a common analysis framework, this book brings together the results of research papers and technical reports providing improved resolution and precision in radar target signature modeling and target motion solutions. It offers comprehensive coverage related to basic radar concepts, signal representation, and radar measurements; the development of advanced analysis tools essential for high-resolution signature modeling; the development of novel wideband and narrowband radar imaging techniques; the application of 2D spectral estimation theory to wideband signal processing; ultra-wideband scattering phenomenology and sparse-band sensor data fusion; and the integration of field measurements into the radar signature modeling process. The analysis techniques developed in the text provide the framework for a novel approach, called measurements-based modeling (MBM), to model target signatures by incorporating measurement data into the signature model of the target. Extensive examples throughout compare the performance of the new techniques with that of conventional analysis techniques. The first systematic, comprehensive synthesis of wide-ranging research areas for characterizing targets from radar data A deeply researched, lucid presentation enriched by extensive illustrations and examples An essential reference for experts in radar and signal processing, professional engineers in related fields, and graduate students

Classical and Modern Direction of Arrival Estimation contains both theory and practice of direction finding by the leading researchers in the field. This unique blend of techniques used in commercial DF systems and state-of-the art super-resolution methods is a valuable source of information for both practicing engineers and researchers. Key topics covered are: - Classical methods of direction finding - Practical DF methods used in commercial systems - Calibration in antenna arrays - Array mapping, fast algorithms and wideband processing - Spatial time-frequency distributions for DOA estimation - DOA estimation in threshold region - Higher order statistics for DOA estimation - Localization in sensor networks and direct position estimation - Brings together in one book classical and modern DOA techniques, showing the connections between them - Contains contributions from the leading people in the field - Gives a concise and easy- to- read introduction to the classical techniques - Evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of key super-resolution techniques - Includes applications to sensor networks

A practical book written for engineers who design and use antennas The author has many years of hands on experience designing antennas that were used in such applications as the Venus and Mars missions of NASA The book covers all important topics of modern antenna design for communications Numerical methods will be included but only as much as are needed for practical applications

The gold-standard reference on the design and application of classic and modern antennas—fully updated to reflect the latest advances and technologiesThis new edition of the “bible of antenna engineering” has been updated to provide start-to-finish coverage of the latest innovations in antenna design and application. You will find in-depth discussion of antennas used in modern communication systems, mobile and personal wireless technologies, satellites, radar deployments, flexible electronics, and other emerging technologies, including 5G, terahertz, and wearable electronics. Antenna Engineering Handbook, Fifth Edition, is bolstered by real-world examples, hundreds of illustrations, and an emphasis on the practical aspects of antennas.Featuring 60 chapters and contributions from more than 80 renowned experts, this acclaimed resource is edited by one of the world’s leading antenna authorities. This edition features all of the classic antenna types, plus new and emerging designs, with 13 all-new chapters and important updates to nearly all chapters from past editions.Antenna Engineering Handbook, Fifth Edition, clearly explains cutting-edge applications in WLANs, automotive systems, PDAs, and handheld devices, making it an indispensable companion for today’s antenna practitioners and developers.Coverage includes:•Antenna basics and classic antennas•Design approaches for antennas and arrays•Wideband and multiband antennas•Antennas for mobile devices and PDAs, automotive applications, and aircraft•Base station and smart antennas•Beamforming and 5G antennas•Millimeter-wave and terahertz antennas•Flexible, wearable, thin film, origami, dielectric, and on-chip antennas•MIMO antennas and phased arrays•Direction-finding and GPS antennas•Active antennas•Low-profile wideband antennas•Nanoantennas•Reflectors and other satellite and radio-telescope antennas•Low-frequency, HF, VHF, UHF, ECM, and ESM antennas•Impedance-matching techniques and material characteristics•Metastructured and frequency selective surfaces•Propagation and guided structures•Computational techniques and toolsets•Indoor and outdoor measurements

An introduction to decision making under uncertainty from a computational perspective, covering both theory and applications ranging from speech recognition to airborne collision avoidance. Many important problems involve decision making under uncertainty—that is, choosing actions based on often imperfect observations, with unknown outcomes. Designers of automated decision support systems must take into account the various sources of uncertainty while balancing the multiple objectives of the system. This book provides an introduction to the challenges of decision making under uncertainty from a computational perspective. It presents both the theory behind decision making models and algorithms and a collection of example applications that range from speech recognition to aircraft collision avoidance. Focusing on two methods for designing decision agents, planning and reinforcement learning, the book covers probabilistic models, introducing Bayesian networks as a graphical model that captures probabilistic relationships between variables; utility theory as a framework for understanding optimal decision making under uncertainty; Markov decision processes as a method for modeling sequential problems; model uncertainty; state uncertainty; and cooperative decision making involving multiple interacting agents. A series of applications shows how the theoretical concepts can be applied to systems for attribute-based person search, speech applications, collision avoidance, and unmanned aircraft persistent surveillance. Decision Making Under Uncertainty unifies research from different communities using consistent notation, and is accessible to students and researchers across engineering disciplines who have some prior exposure to probability theory and calculus. It can be used as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in fields including computer science, aerospace and electrical engineering, and management science. It will also be a valuable professional reference for researchers in a variety of disciplines.