Migration and dispersal; Migratory and non-migratory flight; Classes of migration; The beginning of migration; Individual aspects; Flight maturation, Take-off, and the exodus flight; The air speed and the intrinsic duration and range of flight; The orientation of migrants; Migration in relation to mating, sexual development and oviposition; The control of spontaneous locomotor activity a prerequisite for migratory flight; Casual aspects of migratory flight; Colletive aspects; The numbers of insects flying in relation to wether; The periodicity and synchronization of migration; The Composition of aerial populations and the vertical distribution of insects in the air; Selected examples of short-range and medium-range displacement especially in relation to the life-histories of the insects; Diptera; Coleoptera; Hemiptera; Lepidoptera. The idea randon dispersal, and of the deminution of density away from a source, in relation to migratory flight. General systems of air movement involved in longrange sispolacement. Hemiptera. Lepidoptera. The displacement of swarms of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria. Migration through mountain passes and along sea coats. The invasion of habitats. The ecological significance of migration and of flightlessness.

Many of the world's most serious agricultural pests are highly migratory. Through the use of special-purpose radars we are provided with insights into their movement and how they learn about and navigate through their environment. This text examines the behaviour and regional variations of these species, as well as the altitude of migration, concentration of insects in layers and how they respond to large and small-scale wind systems. The book relates radar observation of insect movement to complementary and competing methodologies and surveys its capabilities and limitations. It also deals wi

Migration and dispersal; Migratory and non-migratory flight; Classes of migration; The beginning of migration; Individual aspects; Flight maturation, Take-off, and the exodus flight; The air speed and the intrinsic duration and range of flight; The orientation of migrants; Migration in relation to mating, sexual development and oviposition; The control of spontaneous locomotor activity a prerequisite for migratory flight; Casual aspects of migratory flight; Colletive aspects; The numbers of insects flying in relation to wether; The periodicity and synchronization of migration; The Composition of aerial populations and the vertical distribution of insects in the air; Selected examples of short-range and medium-range displacement especially in relation to the life-histories of the insects; Diptera; Coleoptera; Hemiptera; Lepidoptera. The idea randon dispersal, and of the deminution of density away from a source, in relation to migratory flight. General systems of air movement involved in longrange sispolacement. Hemiptera. Lepidoptera. The displacement of swarms of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria. Migration through mountain passes and along sea coats. The invasion of habitats. The ecological significance of migration and of flightlessness.

From the rain forests of Borneo to the tenements of Manhattan, winged insects are a conspicuous and abundant feature of life on earth. Here, Robert Dudley presents the first comprehensive explanation of how insects fly. The author relates the biomechanics of flight to insect ecology and evolution in a major new work of synthesis. The book begins with an overview of insect flight biomechanics. Dudley explains insect morphology, wing motions, aerodynamics, flight energetics, and flight metabolism within a modern phylogenetic setting. Drawing on biomechanical principles, he describes and evaluates flight behavior and the limits to flight performance. The author then takes the next step by developing evolutionary explanations of insect flight. He analyzes the origins of flight in insects, the roles of natural and sexual selection in determining how insects fly, and the relationship between flight and insect size, pollination, predation, dispersal, and migration. Dudley ranges widely--from basic aerodynamics to muscle physiology and swarming behavior--but his focus is the explanation of functional design from evolutionary and ecological perspectives. The importance of flight in the lives of insects has long been recognized but never systematically evaluated. This book addresses that shortcoming. Robert Dudley provides an introduction to insect flight that will be welcomed by students and researchers in biomechanics, entomology, evolution, ecology, and behavior.

Knowledge of insect movement, particularly of flight, is crucial to our understanding of the great ecological and evolutionary success of insects. The last 20 years have seen many advances in this subject area. New fields have arisen, such as metapopulation theory, and dramatic developments have taken place in methods of studying movement, as a result of new techniques in molecular biology and radar monitoring. There have also been advances in our knowledge of flight-related physiology and behaviour. This book, which is based on the main papers presented at the Royal Entomological Society's 20th Symposium held in September 1999, brings us up to date with these developments.It contains chapters on:flight mechanismsforaging movementsmigrationthe evolution of movement strategiesthe interactions between dispersal rates, population structure and gene flow the effects of climate change on geographical distributionIt is essential reading for entomologists, and of interest to those researching animal behaviour, physiology, ecology and genetics.

This volume has come about as a direct result of a Symposium entitled "Experimental Analysis of Insect Behaviour" which was an important con tribution to the 14 International Congress of Entomology held in Canberra, Australia, in August 1972 under the joint sponsorship of the Australian Academy of Science and the Australian Entomological Society. It is not, however, strictly Symposium proceedings. I have included, in this volume contributions from several workers who had to withdraw from the Symposium at a fairly late stage. Furthermore, quite intentionally, a number of the contributions bear only a general relationship to the papers given at the Congress. To permit this; the deadline for contribu tions was set at some six months after the Symposium. I imposed no restrictions on the form of the contributions. I did, however, indicate that speculative reviews highlighting the author's own recent research or that of his immediate colleagues would be particularly acceptable, and a number of the contributors have taken the opportunity to write this kind of paper. Several contributors, notably those whose task it was to give more general papers in the Symposium itself, have written reviews of somewhat greater scope.