Notas para un curso avanzado de microeconomía

¿Por qué sube la gasolina? ¿Son de fiar las empresas que nos ofrecen refinanciar nuestras deudas? ¿Cómo me afecta la reforma laboral? ¿Qué son los fondos de inversión? ¿A qué edad es recomendable hacer un plan de pensiones? Cada día desde que nos levantamos nos enfrentamos a un sinfín de cuestiones que tienen un trasfondo económico. Un afamado economista y tres reconocidos periodistas han hecho el ejercicio de sintetizar las dudas más comunes que afectan a cualquier ciudadano para convertirlas en preguntas que se responden de forma sencilla y clara, aclarando conceptos y desmontando tópicos.

The development of Operations Research (OR) requires constant improvements, such as the integration of research results with business applications and innovative educational practice. The full deployment and commercial exploitation of goods and services generally need the construction of strong synergies between educational institutions and businesses. The IO2015 -XVII Congress of APDIO aims at strengthening the knowledge triangle in education, research and innovation, in order to maximize the contribution of OR for sustainable growth, the promoting of a knowledge-based economy, and the smart use of finite resources. The IO2015-XVII Congress of APDIO is a privileged meeting point for the promotion and dissemination of OR and related disciplines, through the exchange of ideas among teachers, researchers, students , and professionals with different background, but all sharing a common desire that is the development of OR.

Co-written by Joseph Stiglitz, winner of the Nobel Prize for his research on imperfect markets, and Carl E. Walsh, one of the leading monetary economists in the field, Economics is the most modern and accurate text available.

Na economia dos transportes estudam-se os mercados, no seu desempenho em tempo, na interação com o espaço e nos reflexos externos, num contexto de possível regulação e sob o objetivo de uma mobilidade sustentável. Esta deverá ser infra-máxima, a um preço moderador do consumo. O transporte é um importante sector e empregador. Cresce com a economia e contribui para que se cresça mais. É um elemento relevante da despesa das famílias e de Investimento. Permite o comércio, com consequências para a organização interna, regional e mundial da produção. Altera padrões de localização de empresas, pessoas e aglomerados urbanos, bem como estilos de vida. Gera externalidades positivas, aproximando ideias e mercados, mas é também um poluidor; o congestionamento é outra externalidade a lesar desempenho, procura e custos, sempre condicionados pelo tempo. As pessoas usam mais o automóvel. Nas mercadorias, dominam o navio e o camião. Também se abordam os projetos de infra-estruturas e as políticas.

This book makes economic concepts more accessible to all those who want to understand the “logic” behind economics, and tries to go a step further in explaining economic analysis and its usefulness. To do so, it begins by analysing the economy the smallest and most detailed perspective, Microeconomics. Once the criteria for the individual economic decisions have been defined, it will move on to analyse how the economic activities of a country are measured and its main economic problems at an aggregate level, i.e. Macroeconomics and afterwards, it gives greater dimension to the analysis, moving the macroeconomic analysis of a country to an analysis of the International Economy. In short, in order to reach our final analysis and understand international economic relations, we must first understand how economic decisions are made at an individual level, as it is the sum of individual decisions that shape the global economic structure.

Critical analysis of Plan Colombia, a multibillion dollar US counternarcotics initiative.