The objective of this study is to develop and test a strategy for organizing potential threat targets arrays and engagement conditions (i.e., a threat domain) to measure tank gunnery training objectives. Analysis was conducted to identify the categories of information required when specifying the threat. Procedures were then developed to ensure that the categories were comprehensive, and to systematically reduce the categories to a manageable and realistic level of specific threat arrays. These procedures, which include seven activities, form the methodology. To determine the usefulness of the activities as a methodology, a tryout using projected threat capabilities was conducted by staff. The proposed threat determination methodology provides a framework that ensures comprehensiveness in the consideration of the dimensions in the threat domain. The seven activities provide a path for defining and specifying a threat-based scenario and adjusting that scenario to differing threat sizes and capabilities within an encounter. Threat analysis, Gunnery training, Threat-based training, Performance standards, Standard setting. (EG).

"This report presents the development of the U.S. Army's Force 21 Training Program's Combined Arms Operations at the Brigade Level, Realistically Achieved Through Simulation 2 (COBRAS 2) training program. The COBRAS 2 program extends prior training research, providing expanded structured, simulation based training for conventionally equipped brigade staffs. A Brigade Staff Exercise (BSE) for the brigade commander and staff represents one program component. This BSE succeeds the original (COBRAS 1) BSE by incorporating a wider audience. The second component is a set of brigade staff vignettes. It augments the COBRAS 1 vignette library by including training for brigade staff members and staff processes not covered in COBRAS 1 vignettes. This report describes the COBRAS 2 program background, design and development efforts, and the resulting exercises and training support packages. The report discusses lessons learned regarding future program development, and concludes with an introduction to the COBRAS 2 follow on effort that employs COBRAS 2 project and related research findings in the development and testing of logical next steps in Force 21 Training Program efforts." -- Stinet.