Our understanding of the physiological function of insect essential lipids has long been flawed by major uncertainties. It was discovered long ago that dietary sterol is a necessary nutrient for all insects, which radically sets them apart from the vertebrates in terms of qualitative nutrient requirements. Because of the physiological importance of sterol as a molting hormone precursor in insects and the implications of this for the development of new insecticides, a wealth of investigation into insect sterol metabolism followed, covering both the ways in which insects convert diverse food-plant sterols into the major tissue sterols and how these in turn are metabolized into the ecdysone molting hormones. However, for the classes or essential Lipid nutrients required by vertebrates, research dealing with insects has been scant and, more often than not, rather indeterminate. Many, but by no means all, insects studied appear to require essential fatty acids, though virtually nothing has been found out about the metabolism or essential physiological function of these acids. Excepting vitamin A, needed for insect vision, the various vertebrate fat-soluble vitamins appear to have no significance for insect physiology, and results of the occasional attempts to demonstrate functions for them in growth and development have in most cases been tantalizingly equivocal. In recent years some notable advances were made in tne study or essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins in insects, and work on insect sterol nutrition and metabolism continues with ever-increasing sophistication. The contributors to this book summarize, discuss, and speculate on these issues. Their work is based on papers presented at the 1980 World Congress of Entomology at Kyoto, Japan.

This book summarizes, discusses, and speculates on the essential lipid nutrients required by insects. It examines various ways in which insects convert diverse food-plant sterols into the major insect tissue sterols and how the insect sterols are metabolized into the ecdysone moulting hormones.

Entomological research benefits from a great diversity of technical approaches - from the molecular to the descriptive - and these are applied to an even greater diversity of insect species. As a consequence, common themes and trends in entomological research can often be overlooked as each researcher focuses on his or her own area of interest. The purpose of this volume is to bring together diverse areas of research under one common theme. The book is divisible into four conceptual areas: the structural biology of the midgut; digestion and transport; the insect midgut as a target for control strategies; and the idgut as an environment for other organisms. Each chapter is written by scientists active in the reviewed research area and a truly international team of contributors has been chosen by the editors. Biology of the Insect Midgut will be of immense use to advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, and researchers in entomology, physiology and pest control.

Many of the advances in entomology during the past century can be attributed to the ability to rear insects successfully on artificial diets. Reliance upon these diets dictates that we understand how and why diets work and why they fail. Insect Diets: Science and Technology explains the intricacies and dynamics of this complex and misunderstood asp

Thanks to the meticulous and enthusiastic work of insect collectors and taxonomists over the past hundred years and more, we have today a large amount of information on the feeding habits and life styles of sev eral hundred thousands of insect species. Insects that feed on plants during at least one of their life stages constitute about half of the three-quarters of a million described species. Their numbers both in terms of species and individuals together with their small but macroscopic sizes makes the insect-plant biological interface perhaps the most conspicuous, diverse and largest assemblage of intimate interspecies interactions in existence. It is also perhaps the most important biological interface be cause of the plants' role as primary producers upon which all other forms of earthly life depend, thereby bringing herbivorous insects occasionally into direct competition with human food and fiber production. Early enthusiasm revealed many remarkable specializations and associ ations between insects and plants, and occasionally assigned chemical me diators for them. However, the modern practices of large scale crop pro tection by synthetic pesticides and their attendant problems, particularly with resistance in "pests" and destruction of natural enemies, have been in large measure responsible for drawing our attention to the mechanisms whereby plants control insect populations and insects adapt to the plants' defenses. These practices have also brought home the importance of chemical mediators in practically all aspects of insect activities and, in parti cular, the importance of plant allelochemicals in maintaining and balan cing insect-plant associations.

The underlying theme of this volume is the understanding of the molecules and processes important in the primary metabolism of insects. The 19 chapters provide both rich historical perspectives and timely reviews of current research, as well as showing the extent of progress to be expected in the near future, including the application of advanced techniques now used for the study of microbial and mammalian processes. The major themes of metabolism, proteins and nucleic acids, and biochemical events in the nervous system each have several chapters devoted to them, but specific topics such as pigments, toxins, and aging are also covered in detail. This extensive volume is therefore an invaluable source of information not only for entomologists but also for all scientists whose work involves insect biochemistry, including zoologists, biochemists, and molecular biologists and geneticists.