Courts of some Nordic countries started reviewing the constitutionality of legislation long before judicial review was established elsewhere in Europe. This study examines the influence of American law and theories of judicial review on the development, practice and theorization of judicial review in Norway, Denmark, and Iceland from the 19th century to the present.The study describes how Nordic scholars in the late 19th century rationalized judicial review based on American theory and how American law influenced both their views of the institution and their way of thinking about substantive constitutional rights. These views in turn influenced Nordic jurisprudence for decades.The author then shows how the changes that took place in American constitutional jurisprudence in the 1930s and 1940s influenced Nordic constitutional theory and constitutional jurisprudence. These changes received significant attention in Nordic legal circles and the study examines how these changes, as well as the American and Nordic theory that built on them, influenced Nordic jurisprudence.Finally, it is argued that American influence in this area of law changed after 1965. Direct references to and discussions of American law almost disappeared from Nordic jurisprudence. American constitutional law was, however, an important influence on the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, which importance increased in this period. The European Convention of Human Rights and the Court's decisions have in turn immensely influenced Nordic constitutional law.

Courts of some Nordic countries started reviewing the constitutionality of legislation long before judicial review was established elsewhere in Europe. This study examines the influence of American law and theories of judicial review on the development, practice and theorization of judicial review in Norway, Denmark, and Iceland from the 19th century to the present.The study describes how Nordic scholars in the late 19th century rationalized judicial review based on American theory and how American law influenced both their views of the institution and their way of thinking about substantive constitutional rights. These views in turn influenced Nordic jurisprudence for decades.The author then shows how the changes that took place in American constitutional jurisprudence in the 1930s and 1940s influenced Nordic constitutional theory and constitutional jurisprudence. These changes received significant attention in Nordic legal circles and the study examines how these changes, as well as the American and Nordic theory that built on them, influenced Nordic jurisprudence.Finally, it is argued that American influence in this area of law changed after 1965. Direct references to and discussions of American law almost disappeared from Nordic jurisprudence. American constitutional law was, however, an important influence on the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, which importance increased in this period. The European Convention of Human Rights and the Court's decisions have in turn immensely influenced Nordic constitutional law.

Himalayan Languages and Linguistics gathers together nine outstanding and original contributions on the Tibeto-Burman and Indo-Aryan languages of this important and culturally diverse mountainous area. Filling a marked gap in our understanding of the languages of this underdocumented region, the collection offers a snapshot of the state of the field of Himalayan language research and linguistic comparison. Drawing on primary fieldwork in China, India, Nepal and Pakistan, as well as on comparative sources, the new analyses outlined in these contributions will interest a readership of linguists, philologists, anthropologists, historians, lexicographers and specialists in the languages and cultures of Inner and South Asia. Contributions cover topics as diverse as linguistic palaeontology, orthographical standardisation, dialectology, phonology, morphology, semantics and syntax.

Recent archaeological discoveries and scientific research especially focussed on western Tibet and the western Himalayas have resulted in a remarkable redefinition of the historical and cultural processes of the entire Indo-Tibetan civilisation. The present volume reflects these sometimes startling new insights for the first time, covering the wide time range from the Zhang zhung period up to the 20th century, spanning secular, religious and economic history, as well as art and archaeology.

This volume focuses on the interface between Mongolian and Tibetan cultures to encourage the development of new forms of scholarship across geographical and disciplinary boundaries.

The impressive selection of languages and linguistic topics dealt with in this book underlines the diversity of the Tibeto-Burman languages in Central and South Asia and highlights their place within present-day linguistic research. For the first time emphasis is put on the study of the many different Tibetan dialects spoken from Pakistan in the west to the Blue Lake in the east. Therefore, the results achieved by leading experts are remarkable in general and the book will be an important research tool for linguists, anthropologists and geographers.